Vienna整流器

Vienna 整流器脈衝寬度調變整流器,可以接收三相交流電源,也是功率因數修正電路,是Johann W. Kolar在1990年發明[1]

Vienna 整流器的電路圖

特點

Vienna 整流器的特點如下:

  • 三相三電平的PWM整流器,其中包括三個功率晶體,可以控制輸出電壓[2]
  • 輸入只需要三條電源線,不需要連接對應中性點的線
  • 主迴路維持電阻特性
  • 升壓式架構(輸入電流連續)
  • 單向的功率流動[3]
  • 高功率密度
  • 低的導通共模EMI雜訊
  • 要控制使中性點電壓穩定,比較簡單[4]
  • 低複雜度,實現成本低[3]
  • 低導通損失[5]
  • 在電源三相不平衡,或是電源失效時,仍有可靠的行為特性(保證有類似電阻的特性)[6]

拓樸

Vienna整流器是三相三電平的PWM整流器。可以視為是三相的二極體電橋,配合整合式的升壓轉換器。

應用

圖2:風冷的10kw Vienna整流器的上視圖及下視圖(400kHz PWM)

Vienna整流器可以用在任何有用六個開關的轉換器,希望產生弦波輸入電流以及可控電壓輸出的情形,而且能量不需回灌到電路的應用下。在整務上,若有足夠空間,可以證明額外硬體成本的合理性時,適合使用Vienna整流器。包括:

右圖有風冷10 kW Vienna整流器(載波頻率400 kHz),有弧弦波輸入電流以及可控輸出電壓。大小是250mm x 120mm x 40mm,功率密度是8.5 kW/dm3,總重2.1 kg [7]

參考資料

  1. J. W. Kolar, „Dreiphasen-Dreipunkt-Pulsgleichrichter“, filed Dec. 23, 1993, File No.: AT2612/93, European Patent Appl.: EP 94 120 245.9-1242 entitled “Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Umformung von Drehstrom in Gleichstrom”.
  2. J. W. Kolar, F. C. Zach, “A Novel Three-Phase Utility Interface Minimizing Line Current Harmonics of High-Power Telecommunications Rectifier Modules”, Record of the 16th IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference, Vancouver, Canada, Oct. 30 - Nov. 3, pp. 367-374 (1994) doi:10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396642.
  3. J. W. Kolar, H. Ertl, F. C. Zach, “Design and Experimental Investigation of a Three-Phase High Power Density High Efficiency Unity Power Factor PWM (Vienna) Rectifier Employing a Novel Integrated Power Semiconductor Module”, Proceedings of the 11th IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, San Jose (CA), USA, March 3–7, Vol.2, pp.514-523 (1996) doi:10.1109/APEC.1996.500491.
  4. J. W. Kolar, U. Drofenik, F. C. Zach, “Space Vector Based Analysis of the Variation and Control of the Neutral Point Potential of Hysteresis Current Controlled Three-Phase/Switch/Level PWM Rectifier Systems”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Singapore, Feb.21-24, Vol.1, pp.22-33 (1995) doi:10.1109/PEDS.1995.404952.
  5. J. W. Kolar, U. Drofenik, F. C. Zach, “Current Handling Capability of the Neutral Point of a Three-Phase/Switch/Level Boost-Type PWM (Vienna) Rectifier”, Proceedings of the 27th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Baveno, Italy, June 24–27, Vol.II, pp.1329-1336 (1996) doi:10.1109/PESC.1996.548754.
  6. S. D. Round, P. Karutz, M. L. Heldwein, J. W. Kolar, “Towards a 30 kW/liter, Three-Phase Unity Power Factor Rectifier”, Proceedings of the 4th Power Conversion Conference (PCC'07), Nagoya, Japan, April 2–5, CD-ROM, ISBN 1-4244-0844-X, (2007).
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