主观验证

主观验证（英语：Subjective Validation），有时也称为个人验证效应，是一种認知偏誤，即某人由于一项表述或信息对其具有个人意义或较为重要，而认为该表述或信息是正确的。[1] 换言之，观点被主观验证所影响的人会认为两个无关的事件（即巧合）相互关联，是因为他们的个人信念需要两者相关。主观验证与巴納姆效應具有密切联系，是冷讀法的一个重要原理。该效应也被认为是大多数超自然现象报告的主要原因。[2] 罗伯特·托德·卡罗尔认为，心理学家雷伊·海曼是主观验证和冷读的顶级专家。[3]

主观验证这一术语首次出现在1980年出版的书籍心灵心理学中，由心理学家 David F. Marks 和 Richard Kammann 使用。[4]

参见

参考资料

Forer, B.R. (1949) "The Fallacy of Personal Validation: A classroom Demonstration of Gullibility," Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 44, 118-121.
Cline, Austin. Flaws in Reasoning and Arguments: Subjective Validation, Seeing Patterns & Connections That Aren't Really There 页面存档备份，存于, About.com, September 10, 2007. Accessed January 10, 2008.
Carrol, Bob. . Skepticality. [2012-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-07）.
Frazier, Kendrick. . Prometheus Books. 1986: 101.

外部链接

The Skeptic's Dictionary entry on subjective validation 页面存档备份，存于

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[1] Forer, B.R. (1949) "The Fallacy of Personal Validation: A classroom Demonstration of Gullibility," Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 44, 118-121.

[2] Cline, Austin. Flaws in Reasoning and Arguments: Subjective Validation, Seeing Patterns & Connections That Aren't Really There 页面存档备份，存于, About.com, September 10, 2007. Accessed January 10, 2008.

[3] Carrol, Bob. . Skepticality. [2012-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-07）.

[4] Frazier, Kendrick. . Prometheus Books. 1986: 101.