免疫抑制劑
免疫抑制劑(英語:)是对免疫系统有免疫抑制效用的物质,分为外源的免疫抑制药,一类壓制人體免疫反應的相關藥物,用於器官移植與各種自體免疫疾病。和内源的免疫抑制药,如睾酮。免疫抑制药的效用可以通过免疫组织化学染色法测定淋巴细胞的反应来得出。免疫抑制劑(immunosupressive agents)之藥理作用在抑制免疫反應,多數免疫抑制劑可選擇性抑制T淋巴球、細胞激素、干擾素、介白素-2(IL-2)、TNF等物質活性,達到療效,但長期使用會抑制正常免疫功能,會增加病人感染和發生腫瘤的危險[1][2]。
臨床應用於下列狀況: 1. 抑制免疫過度反應的自體免疫反應,如紅斑性狼瘡、乾癬或類風濕性關節炎,此類病人之免疫系統會攻擊自己的組織。 2. 器官移植時抑制接受者之器官或組織排斥現象及心臟冠狀血管支架的排斥反應。3. 器官移植時又可抑制捐贈物對接受者之免疫反應,如骨髓移植後移植物抗宿主反應(graft-versus-host disease; GVHD)。4. 多發性硬化症及癌症等疾病的治療[1][2]。
分類
免疫抑制药依作用機轉可分為五种: (1)鈣調磷酸酶抑制劑(calcineurin inhibitor; CNI):抑制輔助型T淋巴球(Th)的分化及減少IL-2的分泌,如Cyclosporine等; (2)DNA生合成抑制劑:抑制T淋巴球和B淋巴球增生或合成,如Azathioprine、Mycophenolate等; (3)糖皮質類固醇; (4)單株抗體-標靶製劑:抑制IL-2的作用,如Daclizumab; (5)免疫調節劑等[1][2]。
常見藥物
常見的免疫抑制药包括:
参考文献
- 蔡秋帆、湯念湖、王耀宏合著. . 新文京開發有限公司. 2014.
- Richard A Harvey. . Wolters Kluwer. 2015.
参见
外部連結
- Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation: Drugs, a brief history of immunosuppressive drugs. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
- WSAVA 2001 - Immunosuppressive drug therapy页面存档备份,存于, from the veterinary point of view. By Mark Papich. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
- Newer Immunosuppressive Drugs;A Review 页面存档备份,存于 -Gummert et al. - J Am Soc Nephrol 10:1366-1380, 1999. Free full text at JASN. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
- Principles and Practice of Monitoring Immunosuppressive Drugs. W.V.Armstrong, J Lab Med, 2002, 26 (1/2): 27-36. PDF. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
- Are Immunosuppressive Drugs a Useful Adjuvant to Treatment of HIV with Antiretrovirals?. Hivandhepatitis.com. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
- Immunosuppression. By Randy P Prescilla, MD; accessed on Emedicine.com on 21 August 2005
- National Kidney Foundation: A to Z Health Guide 页面存档备份,存于, answers to some frequently asked questions about immunosuppression in renal transplantation for a layman. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
- Immunosuppressants, Pharmacologic profile 页面存档备份,存于. Drugguide.com. Accessed on 21 August 2005.
- Immunosuppressants, a collection of links at About.com. Accessed ob 21 August 2005.
- MeSH(醫學主題詞)上面的Immunosuppressive+Agents(美式英语)
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