包皮垢
雌性
陰蒂包皮垢是由皮脂和死亡的表皮细胞組成,包含陰蒂頂泌腺分泌物和去鱗化上皮細胞。
雄性
在雄性,包皮垢對龜頭具有保濕和潤滑功能[1][2][3] 。 包皮垢本身是良性的,不會直接造成癌症[4]。 新形成的包皮垢較為平滑潮濕,被認為富含鯊烯[5]、前列腺和精囊的分泌物、以及去鱗化上皮細胞等。 包皮垢含有Cathepsin B、溶菌酶[6]、中性球彈性蛋白酶、細胞激素等,可幫助免疫系統[7]。 包皮垢含有26.6%脂質和13.3%蛋白質[8]。兒童期不太會生成包皮垢,青春期會逐漸增加,中年開始減少,老人則幾乎不會生成[1][9]。 沒有證據顯示包皮垢可直接造成陰莖癌[2],但如果包皮垢存在一段時間且長期刺激陰莖導致發炎[1],就可能增加陰莖癌的風險[10]。包皮垢也會讓早期癌症較難被發覺[11]。
清潔
人类在青春期生殖器官发育後,往往男子的龜頭可以从包皮中露出,女子的阴蒂也可以从阴唇中露出,较容易清洗包皮内面。如果包皮过长,使得患者无法将包皮完全上翻,或扒开包皮的过程较为疼痛,无法清洗包皮内面,日久则聚积为垢物[12]。多数情况下患者可逐渐将包皮下扒,扒到感到微痛时停止,用温水或凉水谨慎地清洗扒开部分的包皮内面与阴茎头或阴蒂,逐渐适应疼痛並增加扒开距离,最终使得阴茎头或阴蒂能够全部露于包皮之外,以清除垢物。少数患者由于包莖等原因,无法将包皮扒开清除包皮垢,可通过包皮环切、包皮背切或小阴唇切等手术治疗。
參考文獻
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- Øster J. Further fate of the foreskin. Incidence of preputial adhesions, phimosis, and smegma among Danish schoolboys. Arch. Dis. Child.. April 1968;43(228):200–3. doi:10.1136/adc.43.228.200. PubMed.
- 談陰莖癌 页面存档备份,存于 書田眼科泌尿科診所, 2010-01-01.
- American Cancer Society. What are the risk factors for penile cancer? [archived 2016-12-10; cited 14 February 2014].
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