单倍群N-M231

单倍群N(M231)是一个Y染色体DNA单倍群，由M231位点定义，主要分布于北欧亚大陆，起源于东亚。[6][7]

单倍群N
起源时间约4万年前[1][2][3]
共祖年代21,700 [95% CI 19,500–23,900] ybp (YFull[1])

25,313 [95% CI 21,722-28,956] ybp[3]
起源地东亚[4][5]
上游单倍群NO
对应突变M231

现在，單倍群N主要分佈於烏拉爾人和雅庫特人中，在東歐人、中亞人、東亞人中也有少量分佈。

单倍群N是单倍群O的兄弟支系，都是单倍群NO的后裔。

分布表
民族的单倍群N比例 地区
恩加納桑人92%-94.1%[8] 北亚
雅库特人 75-84% （Xu 2015） 北亚
汉特人 64.3%[9]-80.6%[8] 北亚
科米人33.3%[9]-79.5%[8], 北
涅涅茨人 75% (Tundra Nenets 97.9%[8], Forest Nenets 98.8%[8]) 北
芬兰人 51-61% （Purps 2014） 欧
图瓦族 27.2-54.5% （Kharkov 2013） 北
赫哲族 46.2%[10][11][3] (20% 中国[10], 44.6% 俄罗斯[3], 83.8% members of the Samar clan in the Gorin area of the Khabarovsk Territory[11]) 中国
俄罗斯人 41.3%[12] 欧洲
愛沙尼亞人 40% （Purps 2014） 欧
萨米人40% 欧
布里亚特人34.5% (20.2%,[13] 25.0%,[14] 30.9%,[15] 48.0%[16]), 东亚
科里亚克族 33.3%[8], 北
拉脫維亞人30% （Purps 2014） 欧
立陶宛人 25% （Purps 2014） 欧
铁列乌特人 25.0%[8] 北
北阿爾泰人21.8% (18.0%[17][9]-24.6%[18]) 北
瑞典人 9-22% （Purps 2014） 欧
锡伯族 17.1%[10]-18.0%[19] 中
蒙古族 11%,[20][15][10][14][21][22] 中
卡尔梅克人 10.4% (Torguud 3.4%, Derbet 5.1%, Buzava 5.3%, Khoshut 38.2%),[23][22] 中
满族 10% (5.8%,[15] 9.1%,[19] 11.6%,[19] 12.5%,[19] 14.3%[10]) 中国
南阿爾泰人 7.1% (4.2%[18]-9.7%[9]) 北
汉族 6.77% (0% to 21.4%)[19] 中国
伊朗人 6.1%[24] 中东
烏爾奇人 5.8%[25]（元朝明朝的外满洲少数民族，也参看烏爾奇斯基區） 中
藏族 5.65%,[26] 中国
哈萨克族 5.33%[27] (Suan 0%, Qangly 0%, Oshaqty 0%, Jetyru 1.2%, Naiman 1.3%, Dulat 1.6%, Argyn 2.0%, Alimuly 2.5%, Ysty 3.5%, Kerey 3.6%, Baiuly 3.9%, Alban 4.3%, Qongyrat 7.4%, Qypshaq 10.3%, Jalair 10.9%, Qozha 16.7%, Syrgeli 65.6%), 中
维吾尔族 4.89% (4.8%,[19] 4.99%,[28] 6.0%,[15] 8.6%[10]), 中国
韩国人 4.5% (1.8% Seoul-Gyeonggi,[14] 3.0% Daejeon,[29] 4.0% Seoul,[29] 4.2% 忠清道,[14] 4.4% Jeolla,[14] 4.8% Gyeongsang,[14] 6.3%江原道,[14] 6.9% Jeju[14]), 中
日本人 1.9% (0%,[2] 0.8%,[30] 0.9%,[31] 1.7%,[32] 2.5%,[14] 4.3%,[33]4.8%,[15] 6.4%[10]) 中

起源

单倍群N约4万年前分化出来。[34][35]

单倍群N的历史迁移[6]

分布
单倍群N的子单倍群分布.[6] (A)N*M231，(B)N1*-LLY22g，(C)N1a-M128、(D)N1b-P43，(E)N1c-M46。

其他

人类Y染色体DNA单倍型类群进化树

Y染色体最近共同祖先
A
A1b A1a-T
A1a A2-T
A2 A3 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJK
IJ K
I J LT K(xLT)
L T M NO P S
O N Q R

各族群Y染色体单倍型类群 · 著名的Y染色體單倍型類群人

参考文献
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