小分子

小分子英語:)是一个有机化学概念。一般将分子量小于900道尔顿有机化合物分子称为小分子[1]。小分子的直径以纳米计。目前大部分药物都是小分子类药物,蛋白质核酸生物大分子的基本组成单位(如氨基酸核糖核苷酸脱氧核苷酸)也是小分子。

小分子药物一般是抑制剂,通过干扰蛋白间相互作用起效[2]

药理学

目前大部分的药物都是小分子药物[3] 。小分子的分子量上限一般设在900道尔顿。这是因为900道尔顿以下的分子在人体内能较快速地扩散进入细胞,到达作用靶点[1][4]。根据里宾斯基五规则口服给药的小分子药物的分子量最好能低于500道尔顿,否则损耗率会出现明显上升[5][6]

参见

参考资料

  1. Macielag MJ. . Dougherty TJ, Pucci MJ (编). . 2012: 801–2. ISBN 978-1-4614-1400-1. The majority of [oral] drugs from the general reference set have molecular weights below 550. In contrast the molecular-weight distribution of oral antibacterial agents is bimodal: 340–450 Da but with another group in the 700–900 molecular weight range.
  2. Arkin MR, Wells JA. . Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. April 2004, 3 (4): 301–17. PMID 15060526. doi:10.1038/nrd1343.
  3. Samanen J. . Ganellin CR, Jefferis R, Roberts SM (编). Kindle. New York: Academic Press. 2013: 161–203. ISBN 978-0-12-397176-0. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-397176-0.00005-4. Table 5.13: Route of Administration: Small Molecules: oral administration usually possible; Biomolecules: Usually administered parenterally
  4. Veber DF, Johnson SR, Cheng HY, Smith BR, Ward KW, Kopple KD. . J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45 (12): 2615–23. PMID 12036371. doi:10.1021/jm020017n.
  5. Lipinski CA. . Drug Discovery Today: Technologies. 2004, 1 (4): 337–341. PMID 24981612. doi:10.1016/j.ddtec.2004.11.007.
  6. Leeson PD, Springthorpe B. . Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2007, 6 (11): 881–90. PMID 17971784. doi:10.1038/nrd2445.
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