戀臭假單胞菌

戀臭假單孢菌Pseudomonas putida)是一種腐生营养土壤桿菌,屬於格蘭氏陰性菌。基于16S rRNA基因分析,恋臭假单孢菌被分类学上证实为假单胞菌属(狭义),并连同其他几个品种放置在恋臭假单孢菌群中,向其中借其名称。[1]

戀臭假單胞菌
科学分类
界: 原核生物界 Bacteria
门: 變形菌門 Proteobacteria
纲: γ-變形菌綱 Gammaproteobacteria
目: 假單胞菌目 Pseudomonadales
科: 假单胞菌科 Pseudomonadaceae
属: 假单胞菌属 Pseudomonas
种: 戀臭假單胞菌 P. putida
二名法
Pseudomonas putida
Trevisan, 1889
模式菌株
ATCC 12633

CCUG 12690
CFBP 2066
DSM 291
HAMBI 7
JCM 13063 and 20120
LMG 2257
NBRC 14164
NCAIM B.01634
NCCB 72006 and 68020
NCTC 10936

異名

Bacillus fluorescens putidus" Flügge 1886
Bacillus putidus Trevisan 1889
Pseudomonas eisenbergii Migula 1900
Pseudomonas convexa Chester 1901
Pseudomonas incognita Chester 1901
Pseudomonas ovalis Chester 1901
Pseudomonas rugosa (Wright 1895) Chester 1901
Pseudomonas striata Chester 1901
Pseudomonas mildenbergii Bergey, et al.
Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus Dubinina and Zhdanov 1975
Pseudomonas arvilla O. Hayaishi
Pseudomonas barkeri Rhodes
Pseudomonas cyanogena Hammer

牠是世界上第一個被賦予專利的生物體。這個賦予活體專利的行為造成了爭議,後來美國聯邦最高法院判決發明者Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty勝訴,這個史無前例的判決也成了美國的判例(《Diamond v. Chakrabarty》)。

戀臭假單孢菌有許多代謝途徑,可以分解許多有機分子,包括降解甲苯等有機分子[2]。牠被廣泛應用於生物修復技術,或是用於微生物分解漏油等等。除了因為它強大的生物分解能力之外,比起其他假單孢菌屬的種類它更安全無害,而不像綠膿桿菌P. aeruginosa)那樣是一個具有機會性的人類病原體。

應用

生物修復

戀臭假單孢菌多條代謝途徑的特性,讓它成為開發生物修復技術的寵兒;舉例來說,在被污染的土地上,戀臭假單孢菌可被用作土壤接種物來療癒土地[3]

戀臭假單孢菌還可以將苯乙烯轉化成生物可分解塑膠PHA[4][5]。這被認為是回收保麗龍(發泡聚苯乙烯)的有效方法,因為保麗龍幾乎完全無法被生物分解。

生物防治

P. putida具有生物防治的潛力,可以防治腐黴[6]鐮刀菌等等[7],避免植物的死亡

Oligonucleotide Usage Signatures of the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Genome

Di- to pentanucleotide usage and the list of the most abundant octa- to tetradecanucleotides are useful measures of the bacterial genomic signature. The Pseudomonas putida KT2440 chromosome is characterized by strand symmetry and intra-strand parity of complementary oligonucleotides. Each tetranucleotide occurs with similar frequency on the two strands. Tetranucleotide usage is biased by G+C content and physicochemical constraints such as base stacking energy, dinucleotide propeller twist angle or trinucleotide bendability. The 105 regions with atypical oligonucleotide composition can be differentiated by their patterns of oligonucleotide usage into categories of horizontally acquired gene islands, multidomain genes or ancient regions such as genes for ribosomal proteins and RNAs. A species-specific extragenic palindromic sequence is the most common repeat in the genome that can be exploited for the typing of P. putida strains. In the coding sequence of P. putida LLL is the most abundant tripeptide.[8]

CBB5和分解咖啡因

Pseudomonas putida CBB5」這個品系可以在純咖啡因中存活,並可將咖啡因降解為二氧化碳[9][10]

參考文獻

  1. Anzai; Kim, H; Park, JY; Wakabayashi, H; Oyaizu, H; 等. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. Jul 2000, 50 (4): 1563–89. PMID 10939664. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-4-1563.
  2. Marqués, Silvia; Ramos, Juan L. . Molecular Microbiology. 1993, 9 (5): 923–9. PMID 7934920. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01222.x.
  3. Gomes, NC; Kosheleva, IA; Abraham, WR; Smalla, K. . FEMS microbiology ecology. 2005, 54 (1): 21–33. PMID 16329969. doi:10.1016/j.femsec.2005.02.005.
  4. Immortal Polystyrene Foam Meets its Enemy | LiveScience
  5. Ward, PG; Goff, M; Donner, M; Kaminsky, W; O'Connor, KE. . Environmental science & technology. 2006, 40 (7): 2433–7. PMID 16649270. doi:10.1021/es0517668.
  6. Amer, GA; Utkhede, RS. . Canadian journal of microbiology. 2000, 46 (9): 809–16. PMID 11006841. doi:10.1139/w00-063.
  7. Validov, S; Kamilova, F; Qi, S; Stephan, D; Wang, JJ; Makarova, N; Lugtenberg, B. . Journal of applied microbiology. 2007, 102 (2): 461–71. PMID 17241352. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03083.x.
  8. Cornelis P (editor). 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2008 [2014-05-20]. ISBN 1-904455-19-0. (原始内容存档于2016-09-12).
  9. http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/05/24/newly-discovered-bacteria-lives-on-caffeine
  10. Summers, RM; Louie, TM; Yu, CL; Subramanian, M. . Microbiology (Reading, England). 2011, 157 (Pt 2): 583–92. PMID 20966097. doi:10.1099/mic.0.043612-0.

外部連結

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