東亞佛教

东亚佛教泛称发展于东亚佛教信仰,多属汉传大乘佛教教派,以汉译经典为本,依地域又分为中国佛教日本佛教越南佛教朝鲜佛教[1][2]。东亚佛教在以上诸地均有重要的历史与文化地位,亦是现今较为流行的宗教之一。东亚佛教信仰亦在新加坡大马等地的华人群体中流行。依照地理传统划分,东亚佛教是现今佛教的主要分支,信众占比逾半数[3][4]

佛教主要教派分布,浅黄色地区即是东亚大乘佛教流行的地区

东亚佛教之信仰传统源于汉地,可追溯至汉朝古典印度佛教经商路传入中原,受中华文化影响发生汉化[5]。东亚佛教内部,又产生如禅宗净土宗华严宗天台宗唐密宗等主要的宗派分支,分别对佛教经典产生独特解读[6]

东亚佛教除沿袭印度佛教之基本教义外,亦包含一些东亚社会的传统习俗与观念,如汉地宗法信仰儒家倡导之孝道观念等[7]

东亚佛教大体遵循法藏部戒律[8],但也有例外,如日本一些宗派允许僧人结婚。这和明治维新期间当局废佛毁释,强迫部分宗派改变戒律的做法有关[9]

参见

参考资料

  1. The Buddhist World, The Buddhist World: Buddhism in East Asia - China, Japan, and Korea.
  2. Charles Orzech (2004), Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia. Brill Academic Publishers, pp. 3-4.
  3. Pew Research Center, Global Religious Landscape: Buddhists.
  4. Johnson, Todd M.; Grim, Brian J. (PDF). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. 2013: 34 [2 September 2013]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于20 October 2013).
  5. Gethin, Rupert, The Foundations of Buddhism, OUP Oxford, 1998, p. 257.
  6. Williams, pAUL, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations, Taylor & Francis, 2008, P. 129.
  7. Harvey, Peter, An Introduction to Buddhism, Second Edition: Teachings, History and Practices (Introduction to Religion) 2nd Edition, p. 212.
  8. Gethin, Rupert, The Foundations of Buddhism, OUP Oxford, 1998, p. 260
  9. Jaffe, Richard (1998). "Meiji Religious Policy, Soto Zen and the Clerical Marriage Problem". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 24 (1–2): 46. Archived from the original on November 19, 2014.
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