梣树
梣树(学名:)是木犀科梣属落叶乔木的通称,约有60个物种。产于温带和亚热带地区,在中国有近30种,北方、南方和中部都有种植。
梣树 | |
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科学分类 | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 真双子叶植物 Eudicots |
演化支: | 菊类植物 Asterids |
目: | 唇形目 Lamiales |
科: | 木犀科 Oleaceae |
属: | 梣属 Fraxinus |
物种 | |
参见本文。 |
其学名来自于拉丁语的“矛”,因为当时士兵们作战用的武器长矛的柄是用梣木制作的。在斯堪的纳维亚神话中,世界由一棵梣树支撑着。在希腊神话中,宙斯创造人类之初,人是从梣树里诞生的。
梣树叶子对生,羽状带齿,花有两性,花序锥形,花冠常呈四裂,雄蕊两个,柱头二裂,果实翅形,子叶扁平。
梣树的根和叶子具有利尿、消炎等药理功能。
部分物种
- 北美洲东部
- Fraxinus americana L. – White Ash
- Fraxinus caroliniana Mill. – Carolina Ash
- Fraxinus nigra Marshall – Black Ash
- Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall 美国红梣
- Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush – Pumpkin Ash
- Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. – Blue Ash
- Fraxinus tremillium – Indigo Ash
- 北美洲西部和西南部
- Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S.Watson – Singleleaf Ash
- Fraxinus berlandieriana DC. – Mexican Ash
- Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. – Fragrant Ash
- Fraxinus dipetala Hook. & Arn. – California Ash or Two-petal Ash
- Fraxinus dubia
- Fraxinus gooddingii – Goodding's Ash
- Fraxinus greggii A.Gray – Gregg's Ash
- Fraxinus latifolia Benth. – Oregon Ash
- Fraxinus lowellii – Lowell Ash
- Fraxinus papillosa Lingelsh. – Chihuahua Ash
- Fraxinus purpusii
- Fraxinus rufescens
- Fraxinus texensis
(A.Gray) Sarg. – Texas Ash
- Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh. – Shamel Ash or Tropical Ash
- Fraxinus velutina Torr. – 绒毛白蜡
- Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl – Narrow-leafed Ash or Caucasian Ash
- Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa – Claret Ash or Raywood Ash
- Fraxinus dimorpha
- Fraxinus excelsior L. – 欧洲白蜡树
- Fraxinus holotricha Koehne
- Fraxinus ornus L. – Manna Ash or Flowering Ash
- Fraxinus syriaca
- Fraxinus pallisiae Wilmott – Pallis' Ash
- Fraxinus apertisquamifera
- Fraxinus baroniana – 狭叶梣
- Fraxinus bungeana DC. – 小叶梣
- Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. – 白蜡树
- Fraxinus chiisanensis
- Fraxinus floribunda Wall. – 多花梣
- Fraxinus griffithiiC.B.Clarke – 光腊树
- Fraxinus hubeiensis
- Fraxinus japonica – Japanese Ash
- Fraxinus lanuginosa
- Fraxinus longicuspis
- Fraxinus malacophylla– 白枪杆
- Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr. – 水曲柳
- Fraxinus mariesii – 庐山梣
- Fraxinus micrantha Lingelsh.
- Fraxinus paxiana Lingelsh.
- Fraxinus platypoda – 象蜡树
- Fraxinus raibocarpa Regel
- Fraxinus sieboldiana Blume – Japanese Flowering Ash
- Fraxinus spaethiana Lingelsh. – Späth's Ash
- Fraxinus trifoliata
- Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (G.Don) Wall. ex DC. – 椒叶梣[1][2]
参考文献
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