梭菌屬

梭菌屬Clostridium),菌體呈梭狀,又稱梭狀芽孢桿菌屬厭氧芽孢桿菌屬,芽孢常比菌體大,是一類能產生内生孢子厭氧革蘭氏陽性菌

梭菌屬
艱難梭菌
科学分类
界: 原核生物界 Bacteria
门: 厚壁菌门 Firmicutes
纲: 梭菌綱 Clostridia
目: 梭菌目 Clostridiales
科: 梭菌科 Clostridiaceae
属: 梭菌屬 Clostridium
Prazmowski, 1880
模式种
Clostridium butyricum
Prazmowski 1880

C. acetobutylicum
C. aerotolerans
C. beijerinckii
C. bifermentans
肉毒桿菌C. botulinum
丁酸梭菌C. butyricum
C. chauvoei
C. colicanis
艰难梭菌C. difficile
C. formicaceticum
C. ljungdahlii
C. laramie
C. novyi
產氣莢膜梭菌C. perfringens
C. piliforme
C. sordellii
C. sporogenes
破傷風梭菌C. tetani
C. tyrobutyricum

梭菌屬廣泛分佈於自然界,以土壤中最多,芽孢圓形或橢圓形。除了產氣莢膜梭菌無鞭毛外,大多有鞭毛。大部份的梭菌屬可以水解糖、蛋白质,又可产生外毒素,成為一些疾病的原因。

该属的模式种为丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)。

下属物种

  • Clostridium absonum Nakamura et al. 1973
  • Clostridium aceticum (ex Wieringa 1940) Gottschalk and Braun 1981
  • Clostridium acetireducens Örlygsson et al. 1996
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum McCoy et al. 1926
  • Clostridium acidisoli Kuhner et al. 2000
  • Clostridium aciditolerans Lee et al. 2007
  • Clostridium acidiurici (Liebert 1909) Barker 1938
  • Clostridium acidurici corrig. (Liebert 1909) Barker 1938
  • Clostridium aerotolerans van Gylswyk and van der Toorn 1987
  • Clostridium aestuarii Kim et al. 2007
  • Clostridium akagii Kuhner et al. 2000
  • Clostridium aldenense Warren et al. 2007
  • Clostridium aldrichii Yang et al. 1990
  • Clostridium algidicarnis Lawson et al. 1995
  • Clostridium algidixylanolyticum Broda et al. 2000
  • Clostridium algifaecis Wu et al. 2014
  • Clostridium algoriphilum Shcherbakova et al. 2010
  • Clostridium alkalicellulosi corrig. Zhilina et al. 2006
  • Clostridium alkalicellum Zhilina et al. 2006
  • Clostridium amazonense O'Neal et al. 2015
  • Clostridium aminophilum Paster et al. 1993
  • Clostridium aminovalericum Hardman and Stadtman 1960
  • Clostridium amygdalinum Parshina et al. 2003
  • Clostridium amylolyticum Song and Dong 2008
  • Clostridium arbusti Jung et al. 2010
  • Clostridium arcticum corrig. (ex Jordan and McNicol 1979) Cato et al. 1988
  • Clostridium argentinense Suen et al. 1988
  • Clostridium articum (ex Jordan and McNicol 1979) Cato et al. 1988
  • Clostridium asparagiforme Mohan et al. 2007
  • Clostridium aurantibutyricum Hellinger 1944
  • Clostridium barati (Prévot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970
  • Clostridium baratii corrig. (Prévot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970
  • Clostridium barkeri Stadtman et al. 1972
  • Clostridium bartlettii Song et al. 2004
  • Clostridium beihaiense Dong et al. 2018
  • Clostridium beijerinckii Donker 1926
  • Clostridium bifermentans (Weinberg and Séguin 1918) Bergey et al. 1923
  • Clostridium bolteae Song et al. 2003
  • Clostridium bornimense Hahnke et al. 2014
  • 肉毒杆菌Clostridium botulinum (van Ermengem 1896) Bergey et al. 1923
  • Clostridium bovifaecis Zhu et al. 2018
  • Clostridium bowmanii Spring et al. 2003
  • Clostridium bryantii Stieb and Schink 1985
  • Clostridium budayi (Le Blaye and Guggenheim 1914) Bernard et al. 2018
  • 丁酸梭菌 Clostridium butyricum Prazmowski 1880
  • Clostridium cadaveris (Klein 1899) McClung and McCoy 1957
  • Clostridium caenicola Shiratori et al. 2009
  • "Clostridium cagae" Tall et al. 2020
  • Clostridium caminithermale Brisbarre et al. 2003
  • Clostridium carboxidivorans Liou et al. 2005
  • Clostridium carnis (Klein 1904) Spray 1939
  • Clostridium cavendishii Bowman et al. 2010
  • Clostridium celatum Hauschild and Holdeman 1974
  • Clostridium celerecrescens Palop et al. 1989
  • Clostridium cellobioparum Hungate 1944
  • "Clostridium cellulofermentans" He et al. 1991
  • Clostridium cellulolyticum Petitdemange et al. 1984
  • Clostridium cellulosi He et al. 1991
  • Clostridium cellulovorans Sleat et al. 1985
  • Clostridium chartatabidum Kelly et al. 1996
  • Clostridium chauvoei (Arloing et al. 1887) Scott 1928
  • Clostridium chromiireducens Inglett et al. 2011
  • Clostridium citroniae Warren et al. 2007
  • Clostridium clariflavum Shiratori et al. 2009
  • Clostridium clostridiiforme (Burri and Ankersmit 1906) Kaneuchi et al. 1976
  • Clostridium clostridioforme corrig. (Burri and Ankersmit 1906) Kaneuchi et al. 1976
  • Clostridium coccoides Kaneuchi et al. 1976
  • Clostridium cochlearium (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923
  • Clostridium cocleatum Kaneuchi et al. 1979
  • Clostridium colicanis Greetham et al. 2003
  • Clostridium colinum (ex Berkhoff et al. 1974) Berkhoff 1985
  • Clostridium collagenovorans Jain and Zeikus 1988
  • Clostridium combesii (Prévot and Laplanche 1947) Bernard et al. 2018
  • Clostridium composti Shin et al. 2018
  • "Clostridium culturomicum" Pham et al. 2017
  • "Clostridium cuniculi" Djukovic et al. 2018
  • Clostridium cylindrosporum (ex Barker and Beck 1942) Andreesen et al. 1985
  • "Clostridium dakarense" Lo et al. 2013
  • 艰难梭菌 Clostridium difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prévot 1938
  • Clostridium diolis Biebl and Spröer 2003
  • Clostridium disporicum Horn 1987
  • Clostridium drakei Liou et al. 2005
  • Clostridium durum Smith and Cato 1974
  • Clostridium estertheticum Collins et al. 1993
  • Clostridium fallax (Weinberg and Séguin 1915) Bergey et al. 1923
  • Clostridium felsineum (Carbone and Tombolato 1917) Bergey et al. 1939
  • Clostridium fermenticellae Xu et al. 2019
  • Clostridium fervidum corrig. Patel et al. 1987
  • Clostridium fervidus Patel et al. 1987
  • Clostridium fessum Seo et al. 2020
  • Clostridium fimetarium Kotsyurbenko et al. 1997
  • Clostridium formicaceticum corrig. Andreesen et al. 1970
  • Clostridium formicoaceticum Andreesen et al. 1970
  • Clostridium frigidicarnis Broda et al. 1999
  • Clostridium frigoris Spring et al. 2003
  • Clostridium ganghwense Kim et al. 2006
  • Clostridium gasigenes Broda et al. 2000
  • "Clostridium geopurificans" Kwon et al. 2014
  • Clostridium ghoni Prévot 1938
  • Clostridium ghonii corrig. Prévot 1938
  • Clostridium glycolicum Gaston and Stadtman 1963
  • Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum Sakuma et al. 2006
  • Clostridium grantii Mountfort et al. 1996
  • Clostridium guangxiense Zhao et al. 2017
  • Clostridium haemolyticum (Hall 1929) Scott et al. 1935
  • Clostridium halophilium Fendrich et al. 1991
  • Clostridium halophilum corrig. Fendrich et al. 1991
  • Clostridium hastiforme MacLennan 1939
  • Clostridium hathewayi Steer et al. 2002
  • Clostridium herbivorans Varel et al. 1995
  • Clostridium hiranonis Kitahara et al. 2001
  • Clostridium histolyticum (Weinberg and Séguin 1916) Bergey et al. 1923
  • "Clostridium hobsonii" Sharma and Hagen 1995
  • Clostridium homopropionicum Dörner and Schink 1991
  • Clostridium huakuii Ruan et al. 2014
  • Clostridium hungatei Monserrate et al. 2001
  • Clostridium hydrogeniformans Bowman et al. 2010
  • Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum Zhang et al. 1994
  • Clostridium hylemonae Kitahara et al. 2000
  • "Clostridium ihumii" Merhej et al. 2015
  • Clostridium indicum Gundawar et al. 2019
  • Clostridium indolis McClung and McCoy 1957
  • Clostridium innocuum Smith and King 1962
  • Clostridium intestinale corrig. Lee et al. 1989
  • Clostridium intestinalis Lee et al. 1989
  • Clostridium irregulare corrig. (Choukévitch 1911) Prévot 1938
  • Clostridium irregularis (Choukévitch 1911) Prévot 1938
  • Clostridium isatidis Padden et al. 1999
  • Clostridium jeddahense Lagier et al. 2016
  • Clostridium jejuense Jeong et al. 2004
  • Clostridium josui Sukhumavasi et al. 1988
  • Clostridium kluyveri Barker and Taha 1942
  • "Clostridium kogasensis" Shin et al. 2016
  • Clostridium lactatifermentans van der Wielen et al. 2002
  • Clostridium lacusfryxellense Spring et al. 2003
  • Clostridium laramie Kalchayanand et al. 1993
  • Clostridium laramiense corrig. Kalchayanand et al. 1993
  • Clostridium lavalense Domingo et al. 2009
  • Clostridium lentocellum Murray et al. 1987
  • Clostridium lentoputrescens Hartsell and Rettger 1934
  • Clostridium leptum Moore et al. 1976
  • "Clostridium licheniforme" Weigmann 1898
  • Clostridium limosum André 1948
  • Clostridium liquoris Yin et al. 2016
  • Clostridium litorale Fendrich et al. 1991
  • Clostridium lituseburense (Laplanche and Saissac 1948) McClung and McCoy 1957
  • Clostridium ljungdahlii Tanner et al. 1993
  • Clostridium lortetii Oren 1984
  • Clostridium lundense Cirne et al. 2006
  • Clostridium luticellarii Wang et al. 2015
  • Clostridium magnum Schink 1984
  • Clostridium malenominatum (Weinberg et al. 1937) Spray 1948
  • Clostridium mangenotii (Prévot and Zimmès-Chaverou 1947) McClung and McCoy 1957
  • "Clostridium massiliamazoniense" Dione et al. 2020
  • Clostridium maximum (Lindner 1888) Lawson and Rainey 2016
  • Clostridium mayombei Kane et al. 1992
  • "Clostridium mediterraneense" Ndongo et al. 2017
  • "Clostridium merdae" Ndongo et al. 2017
  • Clostridium methoxybenzovorans Mechichi et al. 1999
  • Clostridium methylpentosum Himelbloom and Canale-Parola 1989
  • "Clostridium minihomine" Bilen et al. 2018
  • Clostridium moniliforme (Repaci 1910) Lawson and Rainey 2016
  • Clostridium neonatale Bernard et al. 2018
  • Clostridium neopropionicum Tholozan et al. 1995
  • Clostridium neuense Zhao et al. 2017
  • Clostridium nexile Holdeman and Moore 1974
  • "Clostridium niameyense" Chabou et al. 2018
  • "Clostridium nigrificans" Werkman and Weaver 1927
  • Clostridium nitritogenes (Prévot 1940) Bernard et al. 2018
  • Clostridium nitrophenolicum Suresh et al. 2007
  • Clostridium novyi (Migula 1900) Bergey et al. 1923
  • Clostridium oceanicum Smith 1970
  • Clostridium orbiscindens Winter et al. 1991
  • Clostridium oroticum (Wachsman and Barker 1954) Cato et al. 1968
  • Clostridium oryzae Horino et al. 2015
  • Clostridium oxalicum Dehning and Schink 1990
  • Clostridium pabulibutyricum Kobayashi et al. 2017
  • "Clostridium pacaense" Hosny et al. 2019
  • Clostridium papyrosolvens Madden et al. 1982
  • Clostridium paradoxum Li et al. 1993
  • Clostridium paraperfringens Nakamura et al. 1970
  • Clostridium paraputrificum (Bienstock 1906) Snyder 1936
  • Clostridium pascui Wilde et al. 1997
  • Clostridium pasteurianum Winogradsky 1895
  • Clostridium peptidivorans Mechichi et al. 2000
  • Clostridium perenne (Prévot 1940) McClung and McCoy 1957
  • 产气荚膜梭菌 Clostridium perfringens (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al. 1937
  • Clostridium pfennigii Krumholz and Bryant 1985
  • "Clostridium phoceensis" Hosny et al. 2016
  • Clostridium phytofermentans Warnick et al. 2002
  • Clostridium piliforme (ex Tyzzer 1917) Duncan et al. 1993
  • Clostridium polyendosporum (Duda et al. 1996) Rainey et al. 2016
  • "Clostridium polymyxa" Prazmowski 1880
  • "Clostridium polynesiense" Sankar et al. 2015
  • Clostridium polysaccharolyticum (van Gylswyk 1981) van Gylswyk et al. 1983
  • Clostridium populeti Sleat and Mah 1985
  • Clostridium prolinivorans Huang et al. 2020
  • Clostridium propionicum Cardon and Barker 1946
  • Clostridium proteoclasticum Attwood et al. 1996
  • Clostridium proteolyticum Jain and Zeikus 1988
  • Clostridium psychrophilum Spring et al. 2003
  • Clostridium punense Lanjekar et al. 2015
  • Clostridium puniceum Lund et al. 1981
  • Clostridium purinilyticum corrig. Dürre et al. 1981
  • Clostridium purinolyticum Dürre et al. 1981
  • Clostridium putrefaciens (McBryde 1911) Sturges and Drake 1927
  • Clostridium putrificum (Trevisan 1889) Reddish and Rettger 1922
  • Clostridium quercicolum Stankewich et al. 1971
  • Clostridium quinii Svensson et al. 1995
  • Clostridium ramosum (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Holdeman et al. 1971
  • "Clostridium rectalis" Tall et al. 2020
  • Clostridium rectum (Heller 1922) Holdeman and Moore 1972
  • Clostridium roseum (ex McCoy and McClung 1935) Cato et al. 1988
  • Clostridium saccharobutylicum Keis et al. 2001
  • Clostridium saccharogumia Clavel et al. 2007
  • Clostridium saccharolyticum Murray et al. 1982
  • Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum Keis et al. 2001
  • Clostridium sardiniense corrig. Prévot 1938
  • Clostridium sardiniensis Prévot 1938
  • Clostridium sartagoforme corrig. Partansky and Henry 1935
  • Clostridium sartagoformum Partansky and Henry 1935
  • Clostridium saudiense corrig. Angelakis et al. 2016
  • Clostridium saudii Angelakis et al. 2016
  • Clostridium scatologenes (Weinberg and Ginsbourg 1927) Prévot 1948
  • Clostridium schirmacherense Alam et al. 2006
  • Clostridium scindens Morris et al. 1985
  • Clostridium senegalense Mishra et al. 2015
  • Clostridium septicum (Macé 1889) Ford 1927
  • Clostridium sordellii (Hall and Scott 1927) Prévot 1938
  • Clostridium sphenoides (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923
  • Clostridium spiroforme Kaneuchi et al. 1979
  • Clostridium sporogenes (Metchnikoff 1908) Bergey et al. 1923
  • Clostridium sporosphaeroides Soriano and Soriano 1948
  • Clostridium stercorarium Madden 1983
  • Clostridium sticklandii Stadtman and McClung 1957
  • Clostridium straminisolvens Kato et al. 2004
  • Clostridium subterminale (Hall and Whitehead 1927) Spray 1948
  • Clostridium sufflavum Nishiyama et al. 2009
  • Clostridium sulfidigenes Sallam and Steinbüchel 2009
  • Clostridium swellfunianum Liu et al. 2015
  • Clostridium symbiosum (Stevens 1956) Kaneuchi et al. 1976
  • Clostridium tagluense Suetin et al. 2009
  • Clostridium tarantellae (Udey et al. 1977) Lawson and Rainey 2016
  • Clostridium tepidiprofundi Slobodkina et al. 2008
  • Clostridium tepidum Dobritsa et al. 2017
  • Clostridium termitidis Hethener et al. 1992
  • Clostridium tertium (Henry 1917) Bergey et al. 1923
  • 破伤风梭菌 Clostridium tetani (Flügge 1886) Bergey et al. 1923
  • Clostridium tetanomorphum (ex Bulloch et al. 1919) Wilde et al. 1989
  • Clostridium thermaceticum corrig. Fontaine et al. 1942
  • Clostridium thermarum Liu et al. 2021
  • Clostridium thermautotrophicum corrig. Wiegel et al. 1982
  • Clostridium thermoaceticum Fontaine et al. 1942
  • Clostridium thermoalcaliphilum Li et al. 1994
  • Clostridium thermoautotrophicum Wiegel et al. 1982
  • Clostridium thermobutyricum Wiegel et al. 1989
  • Clostridium thermocellum Viljoen et al. 1926
  • Clostridium thermocopriae Jin et al. 1988
  • Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum Klaushofer and Parkkinen 1965
  • Clostridium thermolacticum Le Ruyet et al. 1988
  • Clostridium thermopalmarium Soh et al. 1991
  • Clostridium thermopapyrolyticum Méndez et al. 1991
  • Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum McClung 1935
  • Clostridium thermosuccinogenes Drent et al. 1995
  • Clostridium thermosulfurigenes corrig. Schink and Zeikus 1983
  • Clostridium thermosulfurogenes Schink and Zeikus 1983
  • Clostridium thiosulfatireducens Hernández-Eugenio et al. 2002
  • "Clostridium transplantifaecale" Yimagou et al. 2019
  • Clostridium tyrobutyricum van Beynum and Pette 1935
  • Clostridium uliginosum Matthies et al. 2001
  • Clostridium ultunense Schnürer et al. 1996
  • Clostridium ventriculi (Goodsir 1842) Lawson and Rainey 2016
  • Clostridium villosum Love et al. 1979
  • Clostridium vincentii Mountfort et al. 1997
  • Clostridium viride Buckel et al. 1995
  • Clostridium vulturis Paek et al. 2015
  • Clostridium xylanolyticum Rogers and Baecker 1991
  • Clostridium xylanovorans Mechichi et al. 2000


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