極端天氣

極端天氣(Extreme weather)包括了非正常、嚴重、季節性、或者超出歷史平均數值的天氣[1] 通常極端天氣為以當地過往天氣數字為基礎,並被訂為是基數中最常見的百分之十。[2] 近年人為的全球暖化洋流變化氣壓變化等被認為是一些極端天氣的成因。[3][4][5] 亦有研究顯示未來的極端天氣現象將增加。[6][7]

於1999年龍捲風爆發中吹襲奧克拉荷馬州的龍捲風

極端溫度

熱浪

熱浪是指擁有不正常高的溫度和酷熱指數的時間。 。[8] 通常熱浪會伴隨極高的濕度,但有時亦會有極乾的情況發生。[9]

寒潮

2013年12月3至10日的北美寒潮,紅色指比平均值高的溫度,藍色指比平均值低的溫度。

參考

  1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2.7 Has Climate Variability, or have Climate Extremes, Changed? 存檔,存档日期2005-11-01.
  2. NOAA. .
  3. Scientists attribute extreme weather to man-made climate change.
  4. Hansen, J; Sato, M; Ruedy, R; Lacis, A; Oinas, V. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2000, 97 (18): 9875–80. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.9875H. PMC 27611. PMID 10944197. doi:10.1073/pnas.170278997.
  5. Extremely Bad Weather: 页面存档备份,存于 Studies start linking climate change to current events November 17, 2012; Vol.182 #10 Science News
  6. Study Indicates a Greater Threat of Extreme Weather April 26, 2012
  7. Hansen, J.; Sato, M.; Ruedy, R. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2012, 109 (37): E2415. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109E2415H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1205276109.
  8. Mogil, Micheal.H. . New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. 2007: 210–211. ISBN 978-1-57912-743-5.
  9. NOAA NWS. .
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