海什木

海什木（阿拉伯语：محمد بن الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم أبو على البصري，拉丁化：Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham）是阿拉伯学者、物理学家、数学家，全名穆哈默德·本·哈桑·本·海什木·巴士拉，其名在西文中又写作Al Hazen，中文译作“海桑”、“哈金”等。有大量著作和被现代科学证明了的科学发现，尤其在光学研究方面有突出成就。

阿尔·哈金
阿尔·哈金(伊本·海什木)
出生公元(965-07-01)965年7月1日[1] (伊斯兰历354 年)[2]
现今伊拉克的巴士拉
逝世1040年3月6日(1040歲－03歲－06)（74歲）[1] (伊斯兰历430年)[3]
法蒂玛王朝埃及开罗
居住地巴士拉
开罗
知名于《光学之书》、《有关托勒密的疑点》、《世界的结构》、《运动模式》、《光论》、《地方论》等, 科学方法, 实验科学, 实验物理学, 实验心理学, 视知觉, 解析几何, 天文学, 天体力学
科学生涯
研究领域物理学、数学
受影响于亚里士多德, 欧几里得, 托勒密
施影响于伊本·魯世德, 威特罗, 罗吉尔·培根, 开普勒

生平

海什木出生于公元965年7月1日（伊斯兰历354年）在伊拉克的巴士拉城。被认为是在不同学科都有杰出的成绩，如数学、天文学、医学等等，他早期学习工程，读希腊科学的书，和关于安达卢西亚学说的精华，接收并发展了这些学说。当时的埃及哈里发召集他参与控制尼罗河泛滥的工程，但是经过他的研究发现那是不可能实现的，从而招致哈里发非常愤怒。于是海什木就以装疯的方式避免了严重惩罚，转而被软禁，直到哈里发1021年死去。在此期间他完成了大量重要的数学论文。

注释
  1. Lorch 2008
  2. Charles M. Falco, (PDF), International Conference on Computer Engineering & Systems (ICCES), November 27–29, 2007 [2010-01-30]
  3. Franz Rosenthal, , Oriens (Brill Publishers), 1960–1961, 13: 132–158 [136–7], JSTOR 1580309

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扩展阅读

主要文献

其他文献
  • Graham, Mark. How Islam Created the Modern World. Amana Publications, 2006.
  • Omar, Saleh Beshara, , PhD Dissertation, University of Chicago, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, June 1975
  • Saliba, George, , MIT Press, 2007, ISBN 0-262-19557-7
  • Belting, Hans, Afterthoughts on Alhazen’s Visual Theory and Its Presence in the Pictorial Theory of Western Perspective, in: Variantology 4. On Deep Time Relations of Arts, Sciences and Technologies In the Arabic-Islamic World and Beyond, ed. by Siegfried Zielinski and Eckhard Fürlus in cooperation with Daniel Irrgang and Franziska Latell (Cologne: Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, 2010), pp. 19–42.
  • Siegfried Zielinski & Franziska Latell, How One Sees, in: Variantology 4. On Deep Time Relations of Arts, Sciences and Technologies In the Arabic-Islamic World and Beyond, ed. by Siegfried Zielinski and Eckhard Fürlus in cooperation with Daniel Irrgang and Franziska Latell (Cologne: Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, 2010), pp. 19–42.
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