灌輸
灌输是指向一个人持續宣傳思想、态度、認知或方法的过程[1]。人类是一种社会性动物,不可避免地受到文化背景的影响,因此,在亲子关系中隐含着一定程度的灌输,這对于形成共同价值觀具有重要作用。
教育和灌输之间的确切界限往往在于旁人的感官。有些人試圖将灌输与教育区分开来,理由是受灌输者不会质疑或批判性地審視他们所接觸的学说[2]。因此,灌輸一詞可能隱含貶義意味,通常是使用者在談到有關思想自由、神學、宗教教義或反宗教時使用[3]。
参考文献
- Funk and Wagnalls: "To instruct in doctrines; esp., to teach partisan or sectarian dogmas"; I.A. Snook, ed. 1972. Concepts of Indoctrination (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul).
- Wilson, J., 1964. "Education and indoctrination", in T.H.B. Hollins, ed. Aims in Education: the philosophic approach (Manchester University Press).
- Douglas Harper, "indoctrinate (v.)," Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed April 20, 2019.
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