灰

灰，又稱灰烬是火烧过之后遗留的固体。具体地说，它是指物体燃烧之后残留的所有非水性非气态残留物。在分析化学中又称之为灰分，用于分析化学样品的矿物和金属含量，是化学物质完全燃烧后的非气态、非液体残留物。

木灰

作为不完全燃烧的最终产物，灰烬主要是矿物质，但通常仍含有一定量的可燃有机化合物或其他可氧化残留物。最常见的灰烬是木灰，篝火、壁炉、暖炉等需要燃烧木材的器具都会产生木灰。木灰越黑，说明由于不完全燃烧而残留的木炭含量越高。

像肥皂一样，灰烬也是消毒剂（碱性）。[1]在无法获取肥皂的情况下，世界卫生组织建议使用灰烬或沙子替代肥皂。[2]

具体分类

Howard et al. 2002: Healthy Villages A guide for communities and community health workers. CHAPTER 8 Personal, domestic and community hygiene. WHO. Accessed Oct. 2014. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/settings/hvchap8.pdf
WHO 2014: Water Sanitation Health. How can personal hygiene be maintained in difficult circumstances? Accessed Oct. 2014 http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/emergencies/qa/emergencies_qa17/en/

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