猛蛛亞目
猛蛛下目(學名:,也稱:),即原蛛亞目,是蜘蛛目下的一個下目,屬於背突蛛亞目。毒牙相對新蛛亞目來說,其區別在於毒牙為平行狀。[2] 其下生物的壽命可達25年。[3]
猛蛛亞目 化石时期:三疊紀中期至今,247.2–0 Ma | |
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Missulena bradleyi | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 蛛形纲 Arachnida |
目: | 蜘蛛目 Araneae |
亚目: | 背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae |
下目: | 猛蛛亞目 Mygalomorphae Pocock, 1892[1] |
科 | |
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多样性 | |
16科 |
進化
蛛鱟曾被認為是最古老的猛蛛下目生物,歷史可追溯到上石炭統(3.5億年前),後來這具化石被發現其實是廣翅鱟的一種,[4] 因此現在最早的猛蛛下目生物為格氏玫瑰古狼蛛(Rosamygale grauvogeli),它來自三疊紀,[5] 該下目下沒有任何生物來自侏羅紀。[6]
分佈
其下大多數生物生活在熱帶或亞熱帶地區,但更北的地區也有其蹤跡。而其下很少有生物產自歐洲,大約只有12種。不過在泛古陸時其分佈遍佈全球。
猛蛛亞目 |
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参考文献
- Dunlop, Jason A. & Penney, David. (PDF). Zhang, Z.-Q. (编). . Zootaxa. Auckland, New Zealand: Magnolia Press. 2011 [2015-10-31]. ISBN 978-1-86977-850-7.
- Foelix, Rainer F. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. 2011: 4–5. ISBN 0-19-973482-8.
- . [2013-11-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24).
- Selden et al., 2005a
- Selden & Gall, 1992
- Selden et al., 2005b
- Raven, R.J. (1985). The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae: Cladistics and systematics. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 182:1-180.
- Coddington, J.A. & Levi, H.W. (1991). Systematics and Evolution of Spiders (Araneae). Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22:565-592.
- Goloboff, P.A. (1993). A Reanalysis of Mygalomorphae Spider Families (Araenae). American Museum Novitates 3056. PDF
- Selden, P.A. & Gall, J.-C. (1992). A Triassic mygalomorph spider from the northern Vosges, France. Palaeontology 35(1): 211-235.
- Selden, P.A., Corronca, J.A. & Hünicken, M.A. (2005). The true identity of the supposed giant fossil spider Megarachne. Biology Letters 1: 44-48. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0272
- Selden, P.A., da Costa Casado, F. & Vianna Mesquita, M. (2005). Mygalomorph spiders (Araneae: Dipluridae) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Lagerstätte, Araripe Basin, North-east Brazil. Palaeontology 49(4): 817-826. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00561.x
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