捕鳥蛛科
捕鳥蛛(Tarantula)屬於較原始的蜘蛛,其全身密生細毛。亦稱為大蘭多毒蛛、塔兰托毒蛛、塔兰图拉毒蛛。美洲的捕鳥蛛身上某些地方可能长有一種刺激性的螫毛,可在面临危险时使用后腿向老鼠等天敌抛洒这种天然的致痒粉,而天敌遇到这种螫毛会产生类似于工人铺设纤维玻璃毛毡后产生的刺痒感。这种方式可以帮助叮咬能力较弱的美洲捕鸟蛛保护自己不受伤害,而美洲捕鸟蛛也因此拥有相对于亚洲捕鸟蛛较低的毒性。
捕鳥蛛科 化石时期:16–0 Ma | |
---|---|
![]() | |
短尾蛛屬(Brachypelma sp.) | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 蛛形纲 Arachnida |
目: | 蜘蛛目 Araneae |
亚目: | 背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae |
下目: | 猛蛛亞目 Mygalomorphae |
科: | 捕鳥蛛科 Theraphosidae Thorell, 1870 |
屬 | |
約113屬 | |
![]() |
亞科
(中美洲 Acanthopelminae)
- Acanthopelma F. O. P. Cambridge, 1897
(南美洲 Aviculariinae)
- Avicularia Lamarck, 1818
- Ephebopus Simon, 1892
- Iridopelma Pocock, 1901
- Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901
(非洲 Eumenophorinae)
- Anoploscelus Pocock, 1897
- Batesiella Pocock, 1903
- Citharischius Pocock, 1900
- Encyocrates Simon, 1892
- Eumenophorus Pocock, 1897
- Hysterocrates Simon, 1892
- Loxomphalia Simon, 1889
- Loxoptygus Simon, 1903
- Mascaraneus Gallon, 2005
- Monocentropus Pocock, 1897
- Myostola Simon, 1903
- Phoneyusa Karsch, 1884
(非洲 Harpactirinae)
- Augacephalus Gallon, 2002
- Ceratogyrus Pocock, 1897
- Eucratoscelus Pocock, 1898
- Harpactira Ausserer, 1871
- Harpactirella Purcell, 1902
- Idiothele Hewitt, 1919
- Pterinochilus Pocock, 1897
- Trichognathella Gallon, 2004
(世界 Ischnocolinae)
- Catumiri Guadanucci, 2004
- Chaetopelma Ausserer, 1871
- Cratorrhagus Simon, 1891
- Hemiercus Simon, 1903
- Heterothele Karsch, 1879
- Holothele Karsch, 1879
- Ischnocolus Ausserer, 1871
- Nesiergus Simon, 1903
- Oligoxystre Vellard, 1924
- Plesiophrictus Pocock, 1899
- Pseudoligoxystre Vol, 2001
- Sickius Soares & Camargo, 1948
(東南亞、華南等地 Ornithoctoninae)
- Citharognathus Pocock, 1895
- Cyriopagopus Simon, 1887
- Haplopelma Simon, 1892
- Haplopelma huwena = Cyriopagopus schmidti (虎紋捕鳥蛛、廣西食鳥蛛)
- Haplopelma hainanum = Cyriopagopus hainanus (海南捕鳥蛛)
- Lampropelma Simon, 1892
- Ornithoctonus Pocock, 1892
- Phormingochilus Pocock, 1895
(印度 Poecilotheriinae)

Poecilotheria sp.
- 華麗雨林屬(Poecilotheria) Simon, 1885
(遠東、澳洲、等地 Selenocosmiinae)

兩個月大的委內瑞拉太陽虎蜘蛛
- Chilobrachys Karsch, 1891
- Coremiocnemis Simon, 1892
- Haplocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996
- Lyrognathus Pocock, 1895
- Orphnaecus Simon, 1892
- Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897
- Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895
- Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999
- Selenocosmia Ausserer, 1871
- Selenotholus Hogg, 1902
- Selenotypus Pocock, 1895
- Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871
- Yamia Kishida, 1920
(印度,非洲 Selengyrinae)

Annandaliella travancorica
- Annandaliella Hirst, 1909
- Euphrictus Hirst, 1908
- Selenogyrus Pocock, 1897
(非洲西部 Stromatopelmina)
- Encyocratella Strand, 1907
- Heteroscodra Pocock, 1899
- Stromatopelma Karsch, 1881
(南、北美洲 Theraphosinae)

Megaphobema robusta
- Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871
- Aenigmarachne Schmidt, 2005
- Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901
- Bonnetina Vol, 2000
- 短尾蛛屬(Brachypelma) Simon, 1891
- Caribena属 Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
- Chromatopelma Schmidt, 1995
- 紅綠橙『Greenbottle Blue tarantula』
- Citharacanthus Pocock, 1901
- Clavopelma Chamberlin, 1940
- Crassicrus Reichling & West, 1996
- Cyclosternum Ausserer, 1871
- Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903
- Cyrtopholis Simon, 1892

Pamphobeteus wallacei
- Euathlus Ausserer, 1875
- Eupalaestrus Pocock, 1901
- Grammostola Simon, 1892
- Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875
- Hapalotremus Simon, 1903
- Hemirrhagus Simon, 1903
- Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871
- Iracema Pérez-Miles, 2000
- Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1850
- Lasiodorides Schmidt & Bischoff, 1997
- Megaphobema Pocock, 1901
- Melloleitaoina Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1960
- Metriopelma Becker, 1878
- Nesipelma Schmidt & Kovarik, 1996
- Nhandu Lucas, 1983

Lasiodora parahybana
- Ozopactus Simon, 1889
- Pamphobeteus Pocock, 1901
- Paraphysa Simon, 1892
- Phormictopus Pocock, 1901
- Plesiopelma Pocock, 1901
- Pseudhapalopus Strand, 1907
- Reversopelma Schmidt, 2001
- Schismatothele Karsch, 1879
- Schizopelma F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1897
- Sericopelma Ausserer, 1875
- Sphaerobothria Karsch, 1879
- Stenotarsus Tesmoingt & Schmidt, 2002
- Stichoplastoris Rudloff, 1997
- Theraphosa Thorell, 1870
- Thrixopelma Schmidt, 1994
- Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892
- Vitalius Lucas, Silva & Bertani, 1993
- Xenesthis Simon, 1891
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.