田螺科

田螺泛指田螺科（學名：）的腹足綱軟體動物。平均只有拇指头大小，有角質口蓋。螺蛳是田螺科动物的通称[1]。很多淡水魚類喜歡吃田螺。田螺體內很容易生長寄生蟲。

田螺科
科学分类
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲： 腹足纲 Gastropoda
目： 主扭舌目 Architaenioglossa
总科： 田螺總科 Viviparoidea
科： 田螺科 Viviparidae
Gray, 1847

分類

舊屬前鰓亞綱，田螺科目前是主扭舌類的成員[2][3]，約有17屬百餘種：

  • Genus Albianopalin Hamilton-Bruce, Smith & Gowlett-Holmes, 2002 †
  • 环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937
    • Genus Amuropaludina Moskvicheva, 1979
    • 角螺屬 Angulyagra Rao, 1931
    • 环螺蛳属 Anularya L.-J. Zhang & S.-C. Chen, 2015：只見於中國雲南，其物種舊屬螺蛳属[4]
    • Genus Anulotaia Brandt, 1968
    • Genus Bellamya Jousseaume, 1886
    • Genus Chlorostracia Mabille, 1889
    • 圆田螺属 Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912[4]
    • Genus Eyriesia P. Fischer, 1885
    • Genus Filopaludina Habe, 1964
    • Genus Glaucostracia Ancey, 1898
    • Genus Heterogen Annandale, 1921
    • Genus Idiopoma Pilsbry, 1901
    • Genus Larina A. Adams, 1855
    • 螺蛳属 Margarya G. Nevill, 1877：只見於中國雲南，和圆田螺属关系较近[4]。
    • Genus Mekongia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876
    • Genus Neclarina Iredale, 1943
    • Genus Neothauma E. A. Smith, 1880
    • Genus Notopala Cotton, 1935
    • 石田螺屬 Sinotaia F. Haas, 1939：和石田螺属关系较近[4]。
    • Genus Taia Annandale, 1918
    • 玺螺蛳属 Tchangmargarya He, 2013：只見於中國雲南，有物種兩個，均舊屬螺蛳属[4]。
    • Genus Temnotaia Annandale, 1919 †
    • Genus Torotaia F. Haas, 1939
    • 拟小螺属 Trochotaia Brandt, 1974
    • Genus Centrapala Cotton, 1935 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855
    • Genus Dactylochlamys Rao, 1925 accepted as Angulyagra Rao, 1931 (invalid: junior homonym of Dactylochlamys Lauterborn, 1901; Angulyagra is a replacement name)
    • Genus Eularina Iredale, 1943 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855 (unnecessary replacement name for Larina, by Iredale treated as a junior homonym of Larinus Germar, 1824)
    • Genus Lecythoconcha Annandale, 1920 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
    • Genus Notopalena Iredale, 1943 accepted as Notopala Cotton, 1935
    • Genus Robinsonia G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869 accepted as Neclarina Iredale, 1943 (Invalid: junior homonym of Robinsonia Grote, 1865 [Lepidoptera]; Neclarina is a replacement name)
    • Genus Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968 accepted as Filopaludina (Siamopaludina) Brandt, 1968 represented as Filopaludina Habe, 1964
    • Genus Ussuripaludina Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina (Ussuripaludina) Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
  • Genus Campeloma Rafinesque, 1819
  • Genus Fretacaeles Hamilton-Bruce & Kear, 2006 †
  • Genus Kaya Van Damme & Pickford, 1999 †
  • Subfamily Lioplacinae Gill, 1863
    • Genus Lioplax Troschel, 1857
    • Genus Haldemania Tryon, 1862 accepted as Lioplax Troschel, 1857 (a junior synonym)
  • Genus Lioplacodes Meek, 1864 †
  • Genus Macromargarya Ying, Fürsich & Schneider, 2013 †
  • Genus Rivularia Heude, 1890
  • Genus Tulotoma Haldeman, 1840
  • Subfamily Viviparinae Gray, 1847
    • Genus Galizgia Mikhaylovskiy, 1903
    • Genus Trochopaludina Starobogatov, 1986
    • Genus Contectiana Bourguignat, 1880 accepted as Viviparus (Contectiana) Bourguignat, 1880 represented as Viviparus Montfort, 1810
    • Genus Hazayipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987 accepted as Viviparus Montfort, 1810
    • Genus Kobeltipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987 accepted as Viviparus (Contectiana) Bourguignat, 1880 represented as Viviparus Montfort, 1810
    • Genus Paludina Férussac, 1812 accepted as Viviparus Montfort, 1810
    • Genus Vivipara accepted as Viviparus Montfort, 1810 (incorrect subsequent spelling)
  • Genus Viviparus Montfort, 1810

Subfamily [unassigned] Viviparidae (temporary name)

 » Genus Popovicia Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2015 †
 » Genus Stephania Esu & Girotti, 1975 †
 » Genus Metohia Popović, 1964 † accepted as Popovicia Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2015 † (invalid: junior homonym of Metohia Absolon, 1927 (Ostracoda); Popovicia is a replacement name)

Subfamily Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929 accepted as Lioplacinae Gill, 1863 Genus Suchumica Seninski, 1905 † accepted as Viviparus Montfort, 1810 (junior synonym)

圓田螺屬

圓田螺屬（Cipangopaludina）舊作田螺屬，包括下列各物種：

  • 中國圓田螺（圓田螺）（Cipangopaludina chinensis）
  • 滇池圆田螺（Cipangopaludina dianchiensis）：濒危[5]
  • 稜田螺（Cipangopaludina miyagii）
  • Cipangopaludina compactus
  • Cipangopaludina formosensis

石田螺屬（Sinotaia）

分佈與習性

田螺分佈幾乎遍及全世界[6]：見於歐洲、亞洲、非洲、東南亞以及北美洲東側和古巴等地的河川、池沼和水田等淡水環境中。繁殖能力很強。田螺喜歡生活在泥質水底，以水底的矽藻或有機雜質為食。雄性個體的右觸角變形成交配器官與雌性個體交配。為卵胎生。

食用

炒田螺是流行於中國南方的風味小吃。广西柳州的螺蛳粉也是以田螺汤烹制。但无论何种食用方法，都应确保田螺完全烹熟，以免寄生虫感染。

参考文献
  1. 夏征农, 罗竹风, 马飞海等. 辞海[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2000: 1, 2254.
  2. Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á.; Warén, A. Bouchet P.; Rocroi J.-P. , 编. . Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany / Ann Arbor, USA: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1-2): 397 pp. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
  3. Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. . Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1-2): 1–526. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201 （英语）.
  4. 太平洋岛. . 果壳网. 2018-03-27 （中文（简体）‎）.
  5. 王丑明; 谢志才; 宋立荣; 肖邦定; 李根保; 李林. . 动物学研究. 2011, 32 (2): 220 [2019-03-13]. ISSN 0254-5853. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1141.2011.02212. （原始内容存档于2018-05-13） （中文（简体）‎）.
  6. Lu, H.-F.; Du, L.-N.; Li, Z.-Q.; Chen, X.-Y.; Yang, J.-X. . Zoological Research. 2014, 35 (6): 510–527. doi:10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2014.6.510 （英语）.

外部連結
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：田螺科
  • . [2006-11-26]. （原始内容存档于2002-06-23） （英语）.
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