盾形動物門
盾形動物門（學名：），又名盾狀動物門[2]或雙側動物門[3]，是一個已經完全滅絕的動物門，由Mikhail Fedonkin在1985年所建立。[4][5]牠們是一類非常早期的兩側對稱動物。其化石僅出現於前寒武紀的埃迪卡拉紀地層當中。其兩側的體節呈滑移對稱而非簡單的兩側對稱，具有這種特殊對稱性質的體節被稱為異構體節。[6][7]
| 盾形動物門 化石时期：567–550 Ma 埃迪卡拉紀 | |
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科学分类  | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 亚界： | 真后生动物亚界 Eumetazoa |
| 演化支： | 副同源异形基因动物 ParaHoxozoa |
| 演化支： | 浮浪幼虫样动物 Planulozoa |
| 演化支： | 两侧对称动物 Bilateria |
| 门： | †盾形動物門 Proarticulata Fedonkin, 1985 |
| 綱及科[1] | |
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| 寒武纪大爆发 |
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形態學
盾形動物門下三綱物種比較圖（Vendia sokolovi、Dickinsonia costata和Yorgia waggoneri）
文德形態類（Vendiamorpha）
其身體完全分割，所有異構體節向後彎曲，第一個異構體節通常比其餘的大得多。前端的兩個異構體節部分融合。例如：文德蟲、Paravendia和Karakhtia等。[6][8][9][10]
側水母綱（Dipleurozoa）
已隱藏部分未翻譯部分，歡迎參與翻譯。
The dipleurozoan body is subradial, divided by isomers entirely (e.g., Dickinsonia and Phyllozoon). Dickinsonia juveniles show undivided anterior areas but these regions were reduced in the course of ontogeny, and in the adult stages Dickinsonia-like proarticulates changed so radically that they became almost indistinguishable from isomers.[8][11][12]
Cephalozoa
其身體前端沒有異構體節，所以呈現不完整的分割。例如：約吉亞蟲、Praecambridium、Andiva、Archaeaspinus、Ivovicia、斯普里格蠕蟲、Marywadea和Cyanorus等。[6][8][10][11]
已隱藏部分未翻譯部分，歡迎參與翻譯。
Some cephalozoans from the family Yorgiidae demonstrate pronounced asymmetry of left and right parts of the body. For instance, Yorgia’s initial right isomer is the only one which spreads far towards the left side of the body. Archaeaspinus has an unpaired anterior lobe confined by the furrow to the left side only.[6][7][10]
屬及種
Andiva ivantsovi
Dickinsonia costata
Spriggina floundensi
Yorgia waggoneri
實體化石
- Armillifera Fedonkin, 1980[13]
- A. parva Fedonkin, 1980
- Andiva Fedonkin, 2002[14]
- A. ivantsovi Fedonkin, 2002
- A. fedonkini Ivantsov, 2001
- Chondroplon Wade, 1971 (可能 =Dickinsonia)
- C. bilobatum Wade, 1971
- Cyanorus Ivantsov, 2004[8]
- C. singularis Ivantsov, 2004
- 狄更遜水母屬（Dickinsonia） Sprigg, 1947
- D. costata Sprigg, 1947
- D. lissa Wade, 1972
- D. menneri Keller 1976[11](=Vendomia menneri Keller 1976[15])
- D. tenuis Glaessner et Wade, 1966
- Ivovicia Ivantsov, 2007[11]
- I. rugulosa Ivantsov, 2007
- Karakhtia Ivantsov, 2004
- K. nessovi Ivantsov, 2004
- Lossinia Ivantsov, 2007[11]
- L. lissetskii Ivantsov, 2007
- Marywadea Glaessner, 1976
- M. ovata Glaessner et Wade, 1966
- O. stepanovi Fedonkin, 1976
- Ovatoscutum Glaessner et Wade, 1966
- O. concentricum Glaessner et Wade, 1966
- P. janae Ivantsov, 2001 (=Vendia janae Ivantsov, 2001)
- Phyllozoon Jenkins et Gehling, 1978
- P. hanseni Jenkins et Gehling, 1978
- Podolimirus Fedonkin, 1983
- P. mirus Fedonkin, 1983
- Praecambridium Glaessner et Wade, 1966
- P. siggilum Glaessner et Wade, 1966
- 斯普里格蠕蟲屬（Spriggina） Glaessner, 1958
- S. floundersi Glaessner, 1958
- Tamga Ivantsov, 2007[11]
- T. hamulifera Ivantsov, 2007
- Valdainia Fedonkin, 1983
- V. plumosa Fedonkin, 1983
- V. sokolovi Keller, 1969
- V. rachiata Ivantsov, 2004
- ? Windermeria Narbonne, 1994
- W. aitkeni Narbonne, 1994[16]
- 約吉亞蟲屬（Yorgia） Ivantsov, 1999[7]
- Y. waggoneri Ivantsov, 1999
參考文獻
- Mikhail A. Fedonkin, James G. Gehling, Kathleen Grey, Guy M. Narbonne, and Patricia Vickers-Rich foreword by Arthur C. Clarke. (2008) "The Rise of Animals. Evolution and Diversification of the Kingdom Animalia"
- （日语）.
- （中文）.
- M. A. Fedonkin (1985). "Systematic Description of Vendian Metazoa". In Sokolov, B. S. and Iwanowski, A. B., eds., "Vendian System: Historical–Geological and Paleontological Foundation, Vol. 1: Paleontology". Moscow: Nauka, pp. 70–106.
- Fedonkin, M.A. (PDF). Paleontological Research. 31 March 2003, 7 (1): 9–41. doi:10.2517/prpsj.7.9.
- Ivantsov, A.Y. . Paleontological Journal. 2001, 35 (4): 335–343.
- Ivantsov, A.Y. . Paleontological Journal. 1999, 33 (3): 233–241.
- Ivantsov, A. Yu. (PDF). Paleontological Journal. 2004, 38 (3): 247–253. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-09-27）.
- Ivantsov, A.Y.; Malakhovskaya, Y.E.; Serezhnikova, E.A. (PDF). Paleontological Journal. 2004, 38 (1): 1–9. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-07-04）.
- Ivantsov, A.Y. (2004) "Vendian Animals in the Phylum Proarticulata" 页面存档备份，存于. The Rise and Fall of the Vendian Biota. IGSP Project 493. Abstracts. Prato, Italy, p. 52.
- Ivantsov, A. Yu. . Paleontological Journal. April 2007, 41 (2): 113. doi:10.1134/S0031030107020013.
- Ivantsov, A.Y.; Malakhovskaya, Y.E. (PDF). Doklady Earth Sciences. 2002, 385 (6): 618–622. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-07-04）.
- Andrey Yu. Ivantsov. . Paleontological Journal. December 2010, 40 (12): 1552–1559. doi:10.1134/S0031030110120105.
- Fedonkin, M. A. . Italian Journal of Zoology. 2002, 69 (2): 175–181. doi:10.1080/11250000209356456.
- B. M. Keller and M. A. Fedonkin. (PDF). Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol. 1976, 3: 38–44. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-09-27） （俄语）.
- Narbonne, G. M. . Journal of Paleontology. May 1994, 63 (3): 411–416. JSTOR 1306192.
- Ivantsov, A. Y. . Paleontological Journal. May 2011, 45 (3): 237–248. doi:10.1134/S0031030111030063.
外部連結
- Database of Ediacaran Biota Advent of Complex Life
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