苜蓿属

苜蓿属学名:)為豆目豆科的一屬[1][2],通称苜蓿,俗稱「三葉草」(三葉草亦可稱其他車軸草族植物)。是一种多年生开花植物。[1][2]

苜蓿属
Medicago littoralis
科学分类
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目: 豆目 Fabales
科: 豆科 Fabaceae
亚科: 蝶形花亚科 Faboideae
族: 车轴草族 Trifolieae
属: 苜蓿属 Medicago
L., 1753
模式种
紫花苜蓿
Medicago sativa
L., 1753
多样性[1]
約89種

其中模式種就是作为牧草紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa)。是牲畜饲料。

食用价值

苜蓿早期僅供牲畜食用,為很常見的一種牧草,後來發現苜蓿的營養價值後開始當生菜供人食用,不過苜蓿芽有非常強烈的草腥味。每百克鲜菜含维生素C:118毫克;钙:713毫克;铁:9.7毫克;硒:8.5毫克。

历史

原产地是外高加索小亚细亚、伊朗一带。司马迁在《史记· 大宛列传》: “宛左右以蒲陶为酒, 富人藏酒至万馀石, 久者十岁不败。俗嗜酒,马嗜苜蓿。汉使取其实来,于是天子始种苜蓿、葡萄肥饶地。及天马多,外国使来众,则离宫别观旁尽种葡萄、苜蓿极望。”北魏杨衒之洛阳伽蓝记》载:(洛阳城)“ 大夏门东北,今为光风园,苜蓿生焉。” 明朱橚救荒本草》:“ 张骞大宛带种归,今处处有自。”

西京杂记》“樂遊范自生玫瑰樹下多苜蓿,首蓿一名懷風,時人或謂之光風,風在其問常簫蕭然,日照其花有光采,故名苜蓿为怀风,茂陵人谓之连枝草“

分类

本屬屬於蝶形花亞科,被歸類於車軸草族,有時被細分為幾個組(節):

  • 木本苜蓿组 Dendrotelis (Vass.) Lassen
  • 天蓝苜蓿组 Lupularia Ser.
  • 紫苜蓿组 Medicago
  • 阔荚苜蓿组 Platycarpae Trautv.
  • 南苜蓿组 Spirocarpos Ser.

內部分類

本屬包含約89個受承認的物種及雜交種[1][2],如下:

  • 褐斑苜蓿 Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.
  • 木本苜蓿 Medicago arborea L.
  • 青海苜蓿 Medicago archiducis-nicolai Širj.
  • Medicago arenicola (Hub.-Mor.) E.Small
  • Medicago astroites (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Trautv.
  • Medicago biflora (Griseb.) E.Small
  • Medicago × blancheana Boiss.
  • Medicago bonarotiana Arcang.
  • Medicago brachycarpa Fisch. ex M.Bieb.
  • Medicago × canariensis Benth.
  • Medicago cancellata M.Bieb.
  • Medicago carica (Hub.-Mor.) E.Small
  • Medicago carstiensis Wulfen
  • Medicago × casellasii P.Monts.
  • Medicago constricta Durieu
  • Medicago coronata (L.) Bartal.
  • Medicago crassipes (Boiss.) E.Small
  • Medicago cretacea M.Bieb.
  • Medicago daghestanica Rupr. ex Boiss.
  • Medicago disciformis DC.
  • Medicago doliata Carmign.
  • 毛荚苜蓿 Medicago edgeworthii Širj.
  • Medicago falcata L.
  • Medicago fischeriana (Ser.) Trautv.
  • Medicago globosa C.Presl
  • Medicago granadensis Willd.
  • Medicago halophila (Boiss.) E.Small
  • Medicago heldreichii E.Small
  • Medicago heyniana Greuter
  • Medicago huberi E.Small
  • Medicago hybrida (Pourr.) Trautv.
  • Medicago hypogaea E.Small
  • Medicago intertexta (L.) Mill.
  • Medicago isthmocarpa (Boiss. & Balansa) E.Small
  • Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill.
  • Medicago lanigera C.Winkl. & B.Fedtsch.
  • Medicago laxispira Heyn
  • Medicago lessingii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Kar.
  • Medicago littoralis Rohde ex Loisel.
  • 天藍苜蓿 Medicago lupulina L.
  • Medicago makranica Heyn
  • Medicago marina L.
  • Medicago medicaginoides (Retz.) E.Small
  • 小苜蓿 Medicago minima (L.) Bartal.
  • Medicago × mixta Sennholz
  • Medicago monantha (C.A.Mey.) Trautv.
  • Medicago monspeliaca (L.) Trautv.
  • Medicago murex Willd.
  • Medicago muricoleptis Tineo
  • Medicago noeana Boiss.
  • 扣形苜蓿 Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal.
  • Medicago orthoceras (Kar. & Kir.) Trautv.
  • Medicago ovalis (Boiss.) Urb.
  • Medicago pamphylica (Hub.-Mor. & Širj.) E.Small
  • Medicago papillosa Boiss.
  • Medicago persica (Boiss.) E.Small
  • Medicago phrygia (Boiss. & Balansa) E.Small
  • Medicago pironae Vis.
  • 阔荚苜蓿 Medicago platycarpos (L.) Trautv.
  • Medicago plicata (Boiss.) Širj.
  • Medicago polyceratia (L.) Sauvages ex Trautv.
  • 南苜蓿 Medicago polymorpha L.
  • Medicago popovii (Korovin) Širj.
  • 早花苜蓿 Medicago praecox DC.
  • Medicago prostrata Jacq.
  • Medicago radiata L.
  • Medicago retrorsa (Boiss.) E.Small
  • Medicago rhodopea Velen.
  • Medicago rhytidiocarpa (Boiss. & Balansa) E.Small
  • Medicago rigida (Boiss. & Balansa) E.Small
  • Medicago rigidula (L.) All.
  • Medicago rigiduloides E.Small
  • Medicago rostrata (Boiss. & Balansa) E.Small
  • Medicago rotata Boiss.
  • Medicago rugosa Desr.
  • Medicago rupestris M.Bieb.
  • 花苜蓿 Medicago ruthenica (L.) Trautv.
  • Medicago × sabulensis H.Lév.
  • 紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa L.
  • Medicago sauvagei Nègre
  • Medicago saxatilis M.Bieb.
  • Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill.
  • Medicago secundiflora Durieu
  • Medicago shepardii Post ex Boiss.
  • Medicago sinskiae Uljanova
  • Medicago soleirolii Duby
  • Medicago sphaerocarpos Bertol.
  • Medicago suffruticosa Ramond ex DC.
  • Medicago syriaca E.Small
  • Medicago tenoreana Ser.
  • Medicago tetraprostrata J.S.Erikss. & B.E.Pfeil
  • Medicago tornata (L.) Mill.
  • 蒺藜苜蓿 Medicago truncatula Gaertn.
  • Medicago turbinata (L.) All.
  • 杂交苜蓿 Medicago × varia Martyn

参见

参考文献

  1. . Plants of the World Online. Kew Science (英语).
  2. . www.itis.gov. [2021-01-06].

外部連結

维基物种中的分类信息:苜蓿属
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:苜蓿属

[在维基数据]

欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·草木典·苜蓿部》,出自《古今圖書集成
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