莧科

莧科[註 1](学名:)包括160大约2,400植物,多为草本灌木,稀有乔木藤本[1][2]

莧科
化石时期:第三纪–現代
PreЄ
紫莖牛膝Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata
科学分类
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目: 石竹目 Caryophyllales
科: 莧科 Amaranthaceae
Juss., 1789
亞科
  • 莧亞科 Amaranthoideae
  • 甜菜亞科 Betoideae
  • 藜亞科 Chenopodioideae
  • 千日紅亞科 Gomphrenoideae
  • 鹽角草亞科 Salicornioideae
  • 豬毛菜亞科 Salsoloideae

莧科广泛分布在全世界,一般分布在亚热带热带地区,但也有许多种也分布在温带甚至寒温带地区[1][2]

2003年的APG II 分类法藜科合并到苋科中来,两者的唯一区别是苋科被膜质,藜科附着粉状或皮屑状物;苋科蒴果,藜科胞果[1][2]

不包括藜科的苋科仅有65大约900,大部分生活在热带非洲北美洲,许多品种可以在盐碱地生长,有的品种是杂草,也有花卉品种。如鸡冠花千日红老来少[1][2]

苋科植物对生或互生,叶缘有齿,大部分无托叶。

屬列表

亞科
Amaranthoideae Achyranthes, Achyropsis, Aerva, Allmania, Allmaniopsis, Amaranthus, Arthraerua, Bosea, Calicorema, Celosia, Centema, Centemopsis, Centrostachys, Chamissoa, Charpentiera, Chionothrix, Cyathula, Dasysphaera, Deeringia, Digera, Eriostylos, Henonia, Herbstia, Hermbstaedtia, Indobanalia, Kelita, Kyphocarpa, Lagrezia, Lecosia, Leucosphaera, Lopriorea, Marcelliopsis,Mechowia, Nelsia, Neocentema, Nothosaerva, Nyssanthes, Omegandra, Pandiaka, Pleuropetalum, Pleuropterantha, Polyrhabda, Pseudosericocoma, Psilotrichopsis, Psilotrichum, Ptilotus, Pupalia, Rosifax, Saltia, Sericocoma, Sericocomopsis, Sericorema, Sericostachys, Stilbanhtus, Trichuriella, Volkensinia, Wadithamnus
GomphrenoideaeAlternanthera, Blutaparon, Froelichia, Froelichiella, Gomphrena, Gossypianthus, Guilleminea, Hebanthe, Hebanthodes, Irenella, Iresine, Lithophila, Pedersenia, Pfaffia, Pseudogomphrena, Pseudoplantago, Quaternella, Tidestromia, Woehleria, Xerosiphon
BetoideaeAcroglochin, Aphanisma, Beta, Hablitzia, Oreobliton, Patellifolia
CamphorosmoideaeBassia, Camphorosma, Chenolea, Didymanthus, Dissocarpus, Enchylaena, Eokochia, Eremophea, Eriochiton, Grubovia, Maireana, Malacocera, Neobassia, Neokochia, Osteocarpum, Roycea, Sclerolaena, Sedobassia, Spirobassia, Threlkeldia
ChenopodioideaeArchiatriplex, Atriplex, Axyris, Baolia, Blitum, Ceratocarpus, Chenopodiastrum, Chenopodium, Cycloloma, Dysphania, Exomis, Extriplex, Grayia, Halimione, Holmbergia, Krascheninnikovia, Lipandra, Manochlamys, Microgynoecium, Micromonolepis, Oxybasis, Proatriplex, Spinacia, Stutzia, Suckleya, Teloxys
CorispermoideaeAgriophyllum, Anthochlamys, Corispermum
PolycnemoideaeHemichroa, Nitrophila, Polycnemum, Surreya
SalicornioideaeAllenrolfea, Arthrocnemum, Halocnemum, Halopeplis, Halostachys, Heterostachys, Kalidium, Microcnemum, Salicornia, Sarcocornia, Tecticornia
SalsoloideaeAnabasis, Arthrophytum, Caroxylon, Climacoptera, Cornulaca, Cyathobasis, Fredolia, Girgensohnia, Halarchon, Halimocnemis, Halocharis, Halogeton, Halothamnus, Haloxylon, Hammada, Horaninowia, Iljinia, Kali, Kaviria, Lagenantha, Nanophyton, Noaea, Nucularia, Ofaiston, Petrosimonia, Piptoptera, Physandra, Pyankovia, Rhaphidophyton, Salsola, Sympegma, Traganum, Traganopsis, Turania, Xylosalsola
SuaedoideaeBienertia, Suaeda

注释

  1. 「莧」,拼音:,注音:,中古擬音ghrenh

参考文献

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:莧科
  1. 林春吉. (M). 台北: 綠世界出版社. 2005.
  2. Kai Müller; Thomas Borsch. . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden: 66–102.
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