鉈的同位素

主要的鉈同位素
同位素 衰變
丰度 半衰期 (t1/2) 類型 產物
203Tl 29.5% 穩定
204Tl syn 3.78  β 204Pb
ε 204Hg
205Tl 70.5% 穩定
標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準)
  • [204.382, 204.385][1]
  • 傳統: 204.38
←Hg80 Pb82

原子量:204.3833(2))的同位素,其中有2個是穩定的。

圖表

符號 歷史
名稱
Z(p N(n 同位素質量(u 半衰期[n 1] 衰變
方式
[2][n 2]
衰變
產物
[n 3]
原子核
自旋
相對豐度
莫耳分率)
相對豐度
莫耳分率)
激發能量
176Tl 81 95 176.00059(21)# 5.2(+30−14) ms (3–,4–,5–)
177Tl 81 96 176.996427(27) 18(5) ms p 176Hg (1/2+)
α (不常見) 173Au
177mTl 807(18) keV 230(40) µs p 176Hg (11/2−)
α 173Au
178Tl 81 97 177.99490(12)# 255(10) ms α 174Au
p (不常見) 177Hg
179Tl 81 98 178.99109(5) 270(30) ms α 175Au (1/2+)
p (不常見) 178Hg
179mTl 860(30)# keV 1.60(16) ms α 175Au (9/2−)
IT (不常見) 179Tl
180Tl 81 99 179.98991(13)# 1.5(2) s α (75%) 176Au
β+ (25%) 180Hg
SF (10−4%) 100Ru, 80Kr[3]
181Tl 81 100 180.986257(10) 3.2(3) s α 177Au 1/2+#
β+ 181Hg
181mTl 857(29) keV 1.7(4) ms α 177Au 9/2−#
β+ 181Hg
182Tl 81 101 181.98567(8) 2.0(3) s β+ (96%) 182Hg 2−#
α (4%) 178Au
182m1Tl 100(100)# keV 2.9(5) s α 178Au (7+)
β+ (不常見) 182Hg
182m2Tl 600(140)# keV 10−
183Tl 81 102 182.982193(10) 6.9(7) s β+ (98%) 183Hg 1/2+#
α (2%) 179Au
183m1Tl 630(17) keV 53.3(3) ms IT (99.99%) 183Tl 9/2−#
α (.01%) 179Au
183m2Tl 976.8(3) keV 1.48(10) µs (13/2+)
184Tl 81 103 183.98187(5) 9.7(6) s β+ 184Hg 2−#
184m1Tl 100(100)# keV 10# s β+ (97.9%) 184Hg 7+#
α (2.1%) 180Au
184m2Tl 500(140)# keV >20 ns (10−)
185Tl 81 104 184.97879(6) 19.5(5) s α 181Au 1/2+#
β+ 185Hg
185mTl 452.8(20) keV 1.93(8) s IT (99.99%) 185Tl 9/2−#
α (.01%) 181Au
β+ 185Hg
186Tl 81 105 185.97833(20) 40# s β+ 186Hg (2−)
α (.006%) 182Au
186m1Tl 320(180) keV 27.5(10) s β+ 186Hg (7+)
186m2Tl 690(180) keV 2.9(2) s (10−)
187Tl 81 106 186.975906(9) ~51 s β+ 187Hg (1/2+)
α (不常見) 183Au
187mTl 335(3) keV 15.60(12) s α 183Au (9/2−)
IT 187Tl
β+ 187Hg
188Tl 81 107 187.97601(4) 71(2) s β+ 188Hg (2−)
188m1Tl 40(30) keV 71(1) s β+ 188Hg (7+)
188m2Tl 310(30) keV 41(4) ms (9−)
189Tl 81 108 188.973588(12) 2.3(2) min β+ 189Hg (1/2+)
189mTl 257.6(13) keV 1.4(1) min β+ (96%) 189Hg (9/2−)
IT (4%) 189Tl
190Tl 81 109 189.97388(5) 2.6(3) min β+ 190Hg 2(−)
190m1Tl 130(90)# keV 3.7(3) min β+ 190Hg 7(+#)
190m2Tl 290(70)# keV 750(40) µs (8−)
190m3Tl 410(70)# keV >1 µs 9−
191Tl 81 110 190.971786(8) 20# min β+ 191Hg (1/2+)
191mTl 297(7) keV 5.22(16) min β+ 191Hg 9/2(−)
192Tl 81 111 191.97223(3) 9.6(4) min β+ 192Hg (2−)
192m1Tl 160(50) keV 10.8(2) min β+ 192Hg (7+)
192m2Tl 407(54) keV 296(5) ns (8−)
193Tl 81 112 192.97067(12) 21.6(8) min β+ 193Hg 1/2(+#)
193mTl 369(4) keV 2.11(15) min IT (75%) 193Tl 9/2−
β+ (25%) 193Hg
194Tl 81 113 193.97120(15) 33.0(5) min β+ 194Hg 2−
α (10−7%) 190Au
194mTl 300(200)# keV 32.8(2) min β+ 194Hg (7+)
195Tl 81 114 194.969774(15) 1.16(5) h β+ 195Hg 1/2+
195mTl 482.63(17) keV 3.6(4) s IT 195Tl 9/2−
196Tl 81 115 195.970481(13) 1.84(3) h β+ 196Hg 2−
196mTl 394.2(5) keV 1.41(2) h β+ (95.5%) 196Hg (7+)
IT (4.5%) 196Tl
197Tl 81 116 196.969575(18) 2.84(4) h β+ 197Hg 1/2+
197mTl 608.22(8) keV 540(10) ms IT 197Tl 9/2−
198Tl 81 117 197.97048(9) 5.3(5) h β+ 198Hg 2−
198m1Tl 543.5(4) keV 1.87(3) h β+ (54%) 198Hg 7+
IT (46%) 198Tl
198m2Tl 687.2(5) keV 150(40) ns (5+)
198m3Tl 742.3(4) keV 32.1(10) ms (10−)#
199Tl 81 118 198.96988(3) 7.42(8) h β+ 199Hg 1/2+
199mTl 749.7(3) keV 28.4(2) ms IT 199Tl 9/2−
200Tl 81 119 199.970963(6) 26.1(1) h β+ 200Hg 2−
200m1Tl 753.6(2) keV 34.3(10) ms IT 200Tl 7+
200m2Tl 762.0(2) keV 0.33(5) µs 5+
201Tl[n 4] 81 120 200.970819(16) 72.912(17) h ε 201Hg 1/2+
201mTl 919.50(9) keV 2.035(7) ms IT 201Tl (9/2−)
202Tl 81 121 201.972106(16) 12.23(2) d β+ 202Hg 2−
202mTl 950.19(10) keV 572(7) µs 7+
203Tl 81 122 202.9723442(14) 觀測上穩定[n 5] 1/2+ 0.2952(1) 0.29494–0.29528
203mTl 3400(300) keV 7.7(5) µs (25/2+)
204Tl 81 123 203.9738635(13) 3.78(2) y β (97.1%) 204Pb 2−
ε (2.9%) 204Hg
204m1Tl 1104.0(4) keV 63(2) µs (7)+
204m2Tl 2500(500) keV 2.6(2) µs (12−)
204m3Tl 3500(500) keV 1.6(2) µs (20+)
205Tl[n 6] 81 124 204.9744275(14) 觀測上穩定[n 7] 1/2+ 0.7048(1) 0.70472–0.70506
205m1Tl 3290.63(17) keV 2.6(2) µs 25/2+
205m2Tl 4835.6(15) keV 235(10) ns (35/2–)
206Tl Radium E 81 125 205.9761103(15) 4.200(17) min β 206Pb 0− Trace[n 8]
206mTl 2643.11(19) keV 3.74(3) min IT 206Tl (12–)
207Tl Actinium C 81 126 206.977419(6) 4.77(2) min β 207Pb 1/2+ Trace[n 9]
207mTl 1348.1(3) keV 1.33(11) s IT (99.9%) 207Tl 11/2–
β (.1%) 207Pb
208Tl Thorium C 81 127 207.9820187(21) 3.053(4) min β 208Pb 5(+) Trace[n 10]
209Tl 81 128 208.985359(8) 2.161(7) min β 209Pb (1/2+)
210Tl Radium C″ 81 129 209.990074(12) 1.30(3) min β (99.991%) 210Pb (5+)# Trace[n 8]
β, n (.009%) 209Pb
211Tl 81 130 210.99348(22)# 1# min
[>300 ns]
1/2+#
212Tl 81 131 211.99823(32)# 30# s
[>300 ns]
5+#

備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。

同位素列表
汞的同位素 鉈的同位素 鉛的同位素

註釋

  1. Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
  2. Abbreviations:
    ε: Electron capture
    IT: Isomeric transition
  3. Bold for stable isotopes
  4. Main isotope used in scintigraphy
  5. Believed to undergo α decay to 199Au
  6. Final decay product of 4n+1 decay chain (the Neptunium series)
  7. Believed to undergo α decay to 201Au
  8. Intermediate decay product of 238U
  9. Intermediate decay product of 235U
  10. Intermediate decay product of 232Th

参考文獻

  1. Meija, Juris; 等. . Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. . nucleonica. [2015-10-08]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19). .
  3. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=mercury-serves-up-a-nuclear-su
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