鉛的同位素
鉛(原子量:207.2(1))的同位素,其中有2個是穩定的,以及2個天然放射性同位素204
Pb、208
Pb,但半衰期都只有下界,因此通常和另外2個一起歸類為穩定同位素,208
Pb在所有的穩定同位素中,質量數最大。
天然鉛樣品中,同位素的豐度有很大的變化量 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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圖表
符號 | 歷史 名稱 |
Z(p ) | N(n ) | 同位素質量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰變 方式[2][n 2] |
衰變 產物[n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | ||||||||||
178Pb | 82 | 96 | 178.003830(26) | 0.23(15) ms | 0+ | |||||
179Pb | 82 | 97 | 179.00215(21)# | 3# ms | 5/2−# | |||||
180Pb | 82 | 98 | 179.997918(22) | 4.5(11) ms | 0+ | |||||
181Pb | 82 | 99 | 180.99662(10) | 45(20) ms | α (98%) | 177Hg | 5/2−# | |||
β+ (2%) | 181Tl | |||||||||
182Pb | 82 | 100 | 181.992672(15) | 60(40) ms [55(+40−35) ms] |
α (98%) | 178Hg | 0+ | |||
β+ (2%) | 182Tl | |||||||||
183Pb | 82 | 101 | 182.99187(3) | 535(30) ms | α (94%) | 179Hg | (3/2−) | |||
β+ (6%) | 183Tl | |||||||||
183mPb | 94(8) keV | 415(20) ms | α | 179Hg | (13/2+) | |||||
β+ (不常見) | 183Tl | |||||||||
184Pb | 82 | 102 | 183.988142(15) | 490(25) ms | α | 180Hg | 0+ | |||
β+ (不常見) | 184Tl | |||||||||
185Pb | 82 | 103 | 184.987610(17) | 6.3(4) s | α | 181Hg | 3/2− | |||
β+ (不常見) | 185Tl | |||||||||
185mPb | 60(40)# keV | 4.07(15) s | α | 181Hg | 13/2+ | |||||
β+ (不常見) | 185Tl | |||||||||
186Pb | 82 | 104 | 185.984239(12) | 4.82(3) s | α (56%) | 182Hg | 0+ | |||
β+ (44%) | 186Tl | |||||||||
187Pb | 82 | 105 | 186.983918(9) | 15.2(3) s | β+ | 187Tl | (3/2−) | |||
α | 183Hg | |||||||||
187mPb | 11(11) keV | 18.3(3) s | β+ (98%) | 187Tl | (13/2+) | |||||
α (2%) | 183Hg | |||||||||
188Pb | 82 | 106 | 187.980874(11) | 25.5(1) s | β+ (91.5%) | 188Tl | 0+ | |||
α (8.5%) | 184Hg | |||||||||
188m1Pb | 2578.2(7) keV | 830(210) ns | (8−) | |||||||
188m2Pb | 2800(50) keV | 797(21) ns | ||||||||
189Pb | 82 | 107 | 188.98081(4) | 51(3) s | β+ | 189Tl | (3/2−) | |||
189mPb | 40(30)# keV | 1# min | β+ (99.6%) | 189Tl | (13/2+) | |||||
α (.4%) | 185Hg | |||||||||
190Pb | 82 | 108 | 189.978082(13) | 71(1) s | β+ (99.1%) | 190Tl | 0+ | |||
α (.9%) | 186Hg | |||||||||
190m1Pb | 2614.8(8) keV | 150 ns | (10)+ | |||||||
190m2Pb | 2618(20) keV | 25 µs | (12+) | |||||||
190m3Pb | 2658.2(8) keV | 7.2(6) µs | (11)− | |||||||
191Pb | 82 | 109 | 190.97827(4) | 1.33(8) min | β+ (99.987%) | 191Tl | (3/2−) | |||
α (.013%) | 187Hg | |||||||||
191mPb | 20(50) keV | 2.18(8) min | β+ (99.98%) | 191Tl | 13/2(+) | |||||
α (.02%) | 187Hg | |||||||||
192Pb | 82 | 110 | 191.975785(14) | 3.5(1) min | β+ (99.99%) | 192Tl | 0+ | |||
α (.0061%) | 188Hg | |||||||||
192m1Pb | 2581.1(1) keV | 164(7) ns | (10)+ | |||||||
192m2Pb | 2625.1(11) keV | 1.1(5) µs | (12+) | |||||||
192m3Pb | 2743.5(4) keV | 756(21) ns | (11)− | |||||||
193Pb | 82 | 111 | 192.97617(5) | 5# min | β+ | 193Tl | (3/2−) | |||
193m1Pb | 130(80)# keV | 5.8(2) min | β+ | 193Tl | 13/2(+) | |||||
193m2Pb | 2612.5(5)+X keV | 135(+25−15) ns | (33/2+) | |||||||
194Pb | 82 | 112 | 193.974012(19) | 12.0(5) min | β+ (100%) | 194Tl | 0+ | |||
α (7.3×10−6%) | 190Hg | |||||||||
195Pb | 82 | 113 | 194.974542(25) | ~15 min | β+ | 195Tl | 3/2#- | |||
195m1Pb | 202.9(7) keV | 15.0(12) min | β+ | 195Tl | 13/2+ | |||||
195m2Pb | 1759.0(7) keV | 10.0(7) µs | 21/2− | |||||||
196Pb | 82 | 114 | 195.972774(15) | 37(3) min | β+ | 196Tl | 0+ | |||
α (3×10−5%) | 192Hg | |||||||||
196m1Pb | 1049.20(9) keV | <100 ns | 2+ | |||||||
196m2Pb | 1738.27(12) keV | <1 µs | 4+ | |||||||
196m3Pb | 1797.51(14) keV | 140(14) ns | 5− | |||||||
196m4Pb | 2693.5(5) keV | 270(4) ns | (12+) | |||||||
197Pb | 82 | 115 | 196.973431(6) | 8.1(17) min | β+ | 197Tl | 3/2− | |||
197m1Pb | 319.31(11) keV | 42.9(9) min | β+ (81%) | 197Tl | 13/2+ | |||||
IT (19%) | 197Pb | |||||||||
α (3×10−4%) | 193Hg | |||||||||
197m2Pb | 1914.10(25) keV | 1.15(20) µs | 21/2− | |||||||
198Pb | 82 | 116 | 197.972034(16) | 2.4(1) h | β+ | 198Tl | 0+ | |||
198m1Pb | 2141.4(4) keV | 4.19(10) µs | (7)− | |||||||
198m2Pb | 2231.4(5) keV | 137(10) ns | (9)− | |||||||
198m3Pb | 2820.5(7) keV | 212(4) ns | (12)+ | |||||||
199Pb | 82 | 117 | 198.972917(28) | 90(10) min | β+ | 199Tl | 3/2− | |||
199m1Pb | 429.5(27) keV | 12.2(3) min | IT (93%) | 199Pb | (13/2+) | |||||
β+ (7%) | 199Tl | |||||||||
199m2Pb | 2563.8(27) keV | 10.1(2) µs | (29/2−) | |||||||
200Pb | 82 | 118 | 199.971827(12) | 21.5(4) h | β+ | 200Tl | 0+ | |||
201Pb | 82 | 119 | 200.972885(24) | 9.33(3) h | ε (99%) | 201Pb | 5/2− | |||
β+ (1%) | 201Tl | |||||||||
201m1Pb | 629.14(17) keV | 61(2) s | 13/2+ | |||||||
201m2Pb | 2718.5+X keV | 508(5) ns | (29/2−) | |||||||
202Pb | 82 | 120 | 201.972159(9) | 52.5(28)×103 y | ε (99%) | 202Tl | 0+ | |||
α (1%) | 198Hg | |||||||||
202m1Pb | 2169.83(7) keV | 3.53(1) h | IT (90.5%) | 202Pb | 9− | |||||
ε (9.5%) | 202Tl | |||||||||
202m2Pb | 4142.9(11) keV | 110(5) ns | (16+) | |||||||
202m3Pb | 5345.9(13) keV | 107(5) ns | (19−) | |||||||
203Pb | 82 | 121 | 202.973391(7) | 51.873(9) h | ε | 203Tl | 5/2− | |||
203m1Pb | 825.20(9) keV | 6.21(8) s | IT | 203Pb | 13/2+ | |||||
203m2Pb | 2949.47(22) keV | 480(7) ms | 29/2− | |||||||
203m3Pb | 2923.4+X keV | 122(4) ns | (25/2−) | |||||||
204Pb[n 4] | 82 | 122 | 203.9730436(13) | 觀測上穩定[n 5] | 0+ | 0.014(1) | 0.0104–0.0165 | |||
204m1Pb | 1274.00(4) keV | 265(10) ns | 4+ | |||||||
204m2Pb | 2185.79(5) keV | 67.2(3) min | 9− | |||||||
204m3Pb | 2264.33(4) keV | 0.45(+10−3) µs | 7− | |||||||
205Pb | 82 | 123 | 204.9744818(13) | 15.3(7)×106 y | ε | 205Tl | 5/2− | |||
205m1Pb | 2.329(7) keV | 24.2(4) µs | 1/2− | |||||||
205m2Pb | 1013.839(13) keV | 5.55(2) ms | 13/2+ | |||||||
205m3Pb | 3195.7(5) keV | 217(5) ns | 25/2− | |||||||
206Pb[n 4][n 6] | Radium G | 82 | 124 | 205.9744653(13) | 觀測上穩定[n 7] | 0+ | 0.241(1) | 0.2084–0.2748 | ||
206m1Pb | 2200.14(4) keV | 125(2) µs | 7− | |||||||
206m2Pb | 4027.3(7) keV | 202(3) ns | 12+ | |||||||
207Pb[n 4][n 8] | Actinium D | 82 | 125 | 206.9758969(13) | 觀測上穩定[n 9] | 1/2− | 0.221(1) | 0.1762–0.2365 | ||
207mPb | 1633.368(5) keV | 806(6) ms | IT | 207Pb | 13/2+ | |||||
208Pb[n 10] | Thorium D | 82 | 126 | 207.9766521(13) | 觀測上穩定[n 11] | 0+ | 0.524(1) | 0.5128–0.5621 | ||
208mPb | 4895(2) keV | 500(10) ns | 10+ | |||||||
209Pb | 82 | 127 | 208.9810901(19) | 3.253(14) h | β− | 209Bi | 9/2+ | Trace[n 12] | ||
210Pb | Radium D Radiolead Radio-lead |
82 | 128 | 209.9841885(16) | 22.20(22) y | β− (100%) | 210Bi | 0+ | Trace[n 13] | |
α (1.9×10−6%) | 206Hg | |||||||||
210mPb | 1278(5) keV | 201(17) ns | 8+ | |||||||
211Pb | Actinium B | 82 | 129 | 210.9887370(29) | 36.1(2) min | β− | 211Bi | 9/2+ | Trace[n 14] | |
212Pb | Thorium B | 82 | 130 | 211.9918975(24) | 10.64(1) h | β− | 212Bi | 0+ | Trace[n 15] | |
212mPb | 1335(10) keV | 5(1) µs | (8+) | |||||||
213Pb | 82 | 131 | 212.996581(8) | 10.2(3) min | β− | 213Bi | (9/2+) | |||
214Pb | Radium B | 82 | 132 | 213.9998054(26) | 26.8(9) min | β− | 214Bi | 0+ | Trace[n 13] | |
215Pb | 82 | 133 | 215.00481(44)# | 36(1) s | 5/2+# |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
鉈的同位素 | 鉛的同位素 | 鉍的同位素 |
註釋
- Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
- Abbreviations:
ε: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition - Bold for stable isotopes
- Used in lead-lead dating
- Believed to undergo α decay to 200Hg with a half-life over 140×1015 years
- Final decay product of 4n+2 decay chain (the Radium or Uranium series)
- Believed to undergo α decay to 202Hg
- Final decay product of 4n+3 decay chain (the Actinium series)
- Believed to undergo α decay to 203Hg
- Final decay product of 4n decay chain (the Thorium series)
- Heaviest observationally stable nuclide, believed to undergo α decay to 204Hg with a half-life over 2×1019 years
- Cluster decay product of 223Ra, which occurs in the decay chain of 235U
- Intermediate decay product of 238U
- Intermediate decay product of 235U
- Intermediate decay product of 232Th
参考文獻
- Meija et al. 2016.
- . nucleonica. [2015-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19). .
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) 页面存档备份,存于. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) 页面存档备份,存于.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties 页面存档备份,存于, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database 页面存档备份,存于 (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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