馬來西亞聯邦5號公路

历史

The Federal Route 5 started as a short road from 马六甲市 to Merlimau, constructed in 1887.[1] About a decade later, another road from Ipoh to Lumut was constructed, featuring the Bota Bridge that crossed the Perak River.[6][11] In 1911, the state government of 柔佛 collaborated with the 英国 colonial government to develop a road network from 新山 to 峇株巴辖县 and Muar.[12] As a result, the Batu Pahat–Kluang–Mersing Road was completed in 1919,[13] where the section of the Banang Roundabout to Mount Soga Intersection formed a part of the present-day Federal Route 5.[6]

The next completed section was the Muar–Batu Pahat Road FT5, completed in 1929. At the same time, the Melaka–Merlimau Road FT5 was extended to Muar as well. Also completed at the same time was the Melaka–Port Dickson Road FT5, which was built as an extension of the Seremban–Port Dickson Road which was completed earlier in 1910.[14] In 1939, the coastal road sections in Selangor from Klang to Sepang and from Klang and 安顺 (霹雳) was opened to motorists. The Skudai–Pontian Road FT5 and Batu Pahat–Pontian Road FT5 were also completed in the same year.[6][15]

In 1967, the old Bota Bridge FT5 was collapsed due to a huge 洪水, effectively cutting off the transportation link between Ipoh and Lumut. As a result, a new replacement bridge known as the Sultan Idris Shah II Bridge FT5 was constructed with the total cost of RM3.1 million.[16] The new Sultan Idris Shah II Bridge FT5 was completed in 1973 and was opened to motorists on February 1973.[17]

Also in 1967, two bridges at Muar and Batu Pahat were opened to motorists as toll bridges. Funded by a RM9 million loan from 大通銀行, the federal government began the construction of both bridges in 1965 and was completed in early 1967. The bridge in Muar was named as Sultan Ismail Bridge.[18] Two toll plazas were erected at Tanjung Agas and Peserai respectively.[6] However, due to numerous protests by motorists, the toll rate was reduced in 1971, before the toll collection was fully abolished in 1975.[18]

In 1970, the Kuala Selangor Bridge FT5 was proposed.[19] However, the project sparked a controversy due to delays caused by the failure of the original contractor to complete the job.[20] As a result, a new tender was opened in 1976 to get a new contractor to complete the abandoned Kuala Selangor Bridge construction job. Meanwhile, the construction of the Sabak Bernam Bridge FT5 was started in 1977.[21] The Kuala Selangor Bridge FT5, together with the Sabak Bernam Bridge FT5, were completed in 1980. The bridge in Kuala Selangor was named as Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Bridge.[20]

The final section being completed was the Teluk Intan–Sitiawan section. Dubbed as the Sungai Perak–Lumut West Coastal Road Project, the final section of the Federal Route 5 was constructed as a project under the Fifth Malaysia Plan.[22] The project included the 1.3-km Sultan Yusuf Bridge FT5, the longest bridge along the Federal Route 5. Before the bridge was built, villagers from the opposite of the Perak River such as Telok Selandang and Kampung Lekir had to use a river ferry service operated by a nearby 油棕属 estate.[23] Construction of the Sultan Yusuf Bridge began in April 1986 with the total cost of RM27 million for the entire road project.[22] The bridge was completed in 1988 and was opened to motorists on 17 November 1988, resulting the full completion of the FT5 highway.[24]

The Federal Route 5 remains heavily used by travellers and commuters along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is unaffected by the presence of the 南北大道 E1 and E2, as the FT5 highway is located far from the E1 and E2 expressways, besides the fact that the FT5 highway passes through the most populated regions in Peninsular Malaysia. As a result, many sections of the FT5 highway have been upgraded either as divided highways or super four highways.[6] For example, the Klang–Teluk Intan Road has been upgraded to a super four highway, while the Ipoh–Lumut Highway FT5, Jalan Langat FT5 and Pontian Highway are all being upgraded to divided highways, in order to handle the increasing amount of traffic.

On 25 May 2015, the long-anticipated West Coast Expressway E32 began its construction after numerous delays.[25] The 233-km 高速公路 from Changkat Jering to 万津 was built as a coastal alternative to the 南北大道 E1 and E2 that becomes congested during holidays and festive seasons. However, the expressway construction sparked yet another controversy, as the Tanjung Karang–Hutan Melintang and Teluk Intan–Lekir sections will be using the existing Federal Route 5, heavily violating the controlled-access expressway standards defined in Arahan Teknik 8/86: A Guide on Geometric Design of Roads by Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR), hence the completed expressway may endanger the lives of local villagers and expressway users as well.[26] As a result, the Malaysian Ministry of Works is considering to re-evaluate the alignment of the expressway, especially along the Tanjung Karang–Hutan Melintang section.[27]