叶尼塞语系

叶尼塞语系（Yeniseic 或 Yenisei-Ostyak）是分布在西伯利亚中部叶尼塞河流域的一个语系。

叶尼塞语系
地理分佈：西伯利亚中叶尼塞河
谱系学分类：世界主要語系之一
  • 叶尼塞语系
分支：
北 (Ket-Yugh)
南 (Arin-Kott)
–

分類支系

包括7种语言：

  • 凯特語（Ket）(ket)
  • 尤格语（Yugh）† (yuu)
  • 科特語（Kott）† (zko)
  • 阿林語（Arin） † (xrn)
  • 阿桑語（Assan） † (xss)
  • 旁普科爾語（Pumpokol） † (xpm)

其中的Yug、Pumpokol、Arin和Assan早在18世纪消亡了，我们对这些语言所知甚微。科特語在19世纪末消失了，但是芬兰语言学家Castrén发表了详细的语法和词典。Yogh語在1960年代绝种，俄国学者Werner对这种语言进行了深入的研究，发表了词典、语法和传统故事。如今只有凯特語还在使用中，约有1000个左右的老人懂这种语言。

叶尼塞语言的形态变化特别复杂，有前綴、後綴、中缀、元音交替等构词手段。

爭議

一些学者认为，中国古代的匈奴、羯等民族和使用叶尼塞语系语言的民族有同源关系。除此之外，Edward Vajda认为叶尼塞语系和汉藏语系同源，為德內-高加索语系一支。另外亦有建議葉尼塞語系可與納-德內語系合併成為德內-葉尼塞語系或提納-高加索語系。

基因

叶尼塞语系的使用者Y染色体单倍群绝大多数为Q-M242，主要为Q1b1a3-L330。凯特人的单倍群Q占比可高达90%以上。

相关条目

參考文獻
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