地域大国

地域大國或稱區域強權，指在國際關係中，一個在某個地理區域內擁有較大影響力的國家[1][2]。這些國家被認為是控制某個地區安全性的關鍵國家[3]，所掌握的影響力與實力能夠讓它們成為一地區性霸主。

特性

地域大國通常在某個地區具有影響力，但是通常情況下，它們的影響力還不足以影響整個世界。關於地域大國的定義目前還有一定的爭議，根據歐洲政治研究協會的定義，“地域大國是某個地理區域內在經濟上、軍事上處於主導地位，擁有控制該地區能力并在世界範圍內具有一定影響力的國家。它們運用自己的實力使自己成為，或強迫該地區其他國家承認自己是該地區的領導人。”[1]

而德國全球和區域研究所（）則認為地域大國必須具有以下特點：

  1. 與該地區具有地緣性的聯繫；
  2. 符合一個地域大國的形象；
  3. 能夠在該地區實際思想上的影響力；
  4. 在人口、經濟、軍事、政治和意識形態上具有領先地位；
  5. 很高地融入該區域；
  6. 對地區性安全具有較高的掌控力；
  7. 能夠得到該地區其他國家，尤其是其他地域大國的接受和讚揚；
  8. 能夠很好地溝通地域和全球。[2]

一些國家既可以是大國，也可以是地域大國；同樣的，一些國家也可以既是中等強國，又是地域大國。

目前的地域大國

以下國家是目前已經被大多數國際關係學和政治學學者、分析師或專家所認可的地域大國。這些國家在一定程度上滿足上述地域大國的標準，但是對於究竟是不是地域大國，不同的學者會有不同的意見，以下並非依排名排列。

深綠為主要的地域大國、淺綠為次要的地域大國

東亞

東南亞

南亞

西亞

东歐

西歐

北美洲

中南美洲

东部非洲

南部非洲

中部非洲

西部非洲

北部非洲

大洋洲

注释
  1. 波斯灣地區的區域大國
  2. 累范特地區的區域大國

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參見
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