塞語
塞語(Saka、Sakan),又稱東部塞語,是一種曾在塔里木盆地于闐王國與圖木舒克使用的塞族方言,屬東伊朗語。[4]在其下又分成兩種方言,在于闐使用的,稱為闐語(Khotanese),闐塞語和和闐語等,在圖木舒克使用的,稱圖木舒克語(Tumshuqese)。
塞語 | |
---|---|
Khotanese, Tumshuqese | |
母语国家和地区 | 于闐王國及其周邊、图木舒克、Murtuq以及疏勒王國[1] |
区域 | 塔里木盆地(目前屬中國地區) |
族群 | 塞迦 |
年代 | 100 BC – 1000 AD[2] |
語系 | |
方言 | 于闐語
圖木舒克語
|
文字 | 婆羅米文、佉卢文 |
語言代碼 | |
ISO 639-2 | kho |
ISO 639-3 | 兩者之一: kho-Khotanese xtq-Tumshuqese |
语言学家列表 | kho (Khotanese) |
xtq (Tumshuqese) | |
Glottolog | saka1298 [3] |
其文獻存於敦煌文書中,以婆羅米字母書寫。H.W.貝利(H.W.Bailey)整理了其文獻,並出版了《闐塞語詞典》(Dictionary of Khotan Saka,Cambridge University Press,1979)一書。
歷史
這兩種方言,都源自斯基泰人。
註釋
- Mallory, J.P. (PDF). Expedition: 44–53. [16 March 2013].
- 塞語 at MultiTree on the Linguist List
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). . . Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
- 榮新江:《華戎交匯:敦煌民族與中西交通》(蘭州:甘肅教育出版社,2008),頁164。
參考文獻
- A Turkish-Khotanese Vocabulary H. W. Bailey Bulletin of the ..
- Bailey, H. W.. 1944. “A Turkish-khotanese Vocabulary”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 11 (2). Cambridge University Press: 290–96. http://www.jstor.org/stable/609315.
- Litvinsky, Boris Abramovich; Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya, M.I. . . Motilal Banarsidass: 421–448. 1999. ISBN 8120815408.
延伸閱讀
- Bailey, H W (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge University Press
- Encyclopædia Iranica "Iranian Languages" http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/central-asia-xiii 页面存档备份,存于
- Emmerick, R. E., & Pulleyblank, E. G. (1993). A Chinese text in Central Asian Brahmi script: new evidence for the pronunciation of Late Middle Chinese and Khotanese. Roma: Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. (On connections between Chinese and Khotanese, such as loan words and pronunciations)
- Litvinsky, Boris Abramovich; Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya, M.I. . . Motilal Banarsidass: 421–448. 1999. ISBN 8120815408.
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