多孔菌科
多孔菌科菌类的菌髓柔软到坚韧。大多数多孔菌科菌类在菌伞的下方带孢子,但是也有些种有菌褶或者类似菌褶的结构。孢子粉为白色,没有囊状体。有些种有柄,也有些没有,或者菌伞是横出来的。许多种有阶状的结构。
多孔菌科 | |
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硫磺菌 Laetiporus sulphureus | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 真菌界 Fungi |
门: | 担子菌门 Basidiomycota |
纲: | 傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes |
目: | 多孔菌目 Polyporales |
科: | 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae (Fr.) ex Corda |
大多数多孔菌科菌类是死木上的腐生生物,有些种也寄生在活着的树上。
大多数多孔菌科菌类不可食,少数可食的种包括硫磺孔菌()和宽鳞多孔菌(),这两种菌在嫩的时候可食。中医中使用一些多孔菌科菌类作为中药,比如白腐担子菌()、猪苓()和木蹄层孔菌()。
属
直至2018年4月,Index Fungorum在录入了多孔菌科中共有114属和1621种:
- 多孢孔菌属[1] Abundisporus Ryvarden (1999); 7种
- 粉孔菌属[2]Amyloporia Singer (1944); 5种
- Amyloporiella A.David & Tortič (1984); 1种
- Atroporus Ryvarden (1973); 3种
- Aurantiporus Murrill (1905); 5种
- Australoporus P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (1988); 1种
- Austrolentinus Ryvarden (1991); 1种
- Cellulariella Zmitr. & Malysheva (2014); 2种
- Cerrena Gray (1821); 7种
- Cerarioporia F.Wu, L.W.Zhou & Jing Si; 1种
- Colospora Miettinen & Spirin (2015); 1种
- 革孔菌属 Coriolopsis Murrill (1905); 21种
- Cryptomphalina R.Heim (1966); 1种
- Cryptoporus (Peck) Shear (1902); 2种
- Cystidiophorus Bondartsev & Ljub. (1963) 1种
- 拟迷孔菌属 Daedaleopsis J.Schröt. (1888); 9种
- Datronia Donk (1966); 8种
- Datroniella B.K.Cui, Hai J.Li & Y.C.Dai (2014); 5种
- Dentocorticium (Parmasto) M.J.Larsen & Gilb. (1974); 7种
- Dextrinoporus H.S.Yuan (2018); 1种
- Dichomitus D.A.Reid (1965); 24种
- Diplomitoporus Domański (1970); 20种
- 春孔菌属[1] Earliella Murrill (1905); 1种
- 刺刚毛狀菌属[1] Echinochaete D.A.Reid (1963); 5种
- 上皮菌属[1] Epithele (Pat.) Pat. (1900); 24种
- Epithelopsis Jülich (1976); 2种
- Erastia Niemelä & Kinnunen (2005); 1种
- Faerberia Pouzar (1981); 1种
- 菱孔菌属[1] Favolus Fr. (1828); 25种
- Flammeopellis Y.C.Dai, B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2014); 1种
- 层孔菌属[1] Fomes (Fr.) Fr. (1849); 59种
- Funalia Pat. (1900); 7种
- Fuscocerrena Ryvarden (1982); 1种
- Globifomes Murrill (1904); 1种
- Grammothele Berk. & M.A.Curtis (1868); 19种
- Grammothelopsis Jülich (1982); 7种
- Hapalopilus P.Karst. (1881); 15种
- Haploporus (fungus)|Haploporus Bondartsev & Singer (1944); 6种
- 蜂窩菌属[1] Hexagonia (fungus)|Hexagonia Fr. (1836); 41种
- Hymenogramme Mont. & Berk. (1844); 1种
- 麻盖菌属 Laccocephalum McAlpine & Tepper (1895); 5种
- Laetifomes T.Hatt. (2001); 1种
- Leifiporia Y.C.Dai, F.Wu & C.L.Zhao (2016); 2种
- Leiotrametes Welti & Courtec. (2012); 2种
- 香菇属[1] Lentinus Fr. (1825); 120种
- 褶孔菌属 Lenzites Fr. (1836); 25种
- Leptoporus Quél. (1886); 12种
- Lignosus Lloyd ex Torrend (1920); 8种
- Lithopolyporales R.K.Kar, N.Sharma, A.Agarwal & R.Kar (2003); 1种
- Lloydella Bres. (1901); 3种
- Lopharia Kalchbr. & MacOwan (1881); 15种
- 伊菌属[1] Loweporus J.E.Wright (1976); 8种
- Macrohyporia I.Johans. & Ryvarden (1979); 3种
- Megasporia B.K.Cui, Y.C.Dai & Hai J.Li (2013); 7种
- 大孢孔菌属[1] Megasporoporia Ryvarden & J.E.Wright (1982); 4种
- Megasporoporiella B.K.Cui, Y.C.Dai & Hai J.Li (2013); 5种
- Melanoderma B.K.Cui & Y.C.Dai (2011); 2种
- Melanoporella Murrill (1907); 1种
- 形拟小孔菌属[1] Microporellus Murrill (1905); 23种
- 小孔菌属[1] Microporus P.Beauv. (1805); 12种
- Mollicarpus Ginns (1984); 1种
- Mycobonia Pat. (1894); 1种
- Myriothele Nakasone (2013); 1种
- Navisporus Ryvarden (1980); 6种
- Neodatronia B.K.Cui, Hai J.Li & Y.C.Dai (2014); 2种
- Neodictyopus Palacio, Robledo, Reck & Drechsler-Santos; 3种
- Neofavolus Sotome & T.Hatt. (2013); 4种
- Neofomitella Y.C.Dai, Hai J.Li & Vlasák (2015); 3种
- Nigrofomes Murrill (1904); 2种
- 刺孢孔菌属[1] Pachykytospora Kotl. & Pouzar (1963); 3种
- 革耳菌属[1] Panus Fr. (1838); 40种
- 多年臥孔菌属[1] Perenniporia Murrill (1942); 100种
- Perenniporiella Decock & Ryvarden (2003); 5种
- Perenniporiopsis C.L.Zhao (2017); 1种
- Phaeotrametes Lloyd ex J.E.Wright (1966); 1种
- Piloporia Niemelä (1982); 2种
- Podofomes Pouzar (1966); 3种
- 多孔菌属[1] Polyporus P.Micheli ex Adans. (1763); 279种
- Porogramme (Pat.) Pat. (1900); 7种
- Poronidulus Murrill (1904); 2种
- Pseudofavolus Pat. (1900); 6种
- Pseudopiptoporus Ryvarden (1980);
- Pseudomegasporoporia 1种
- 密孔菌属[1] Pycnoporus P.Karst. (1881); 4种
- Pyrofomes Kotl. & Pouzar (1964); 7种
- Roseofavolus T.Hatt. (2003); 1种
- Royoporus A.B.De (1996); 2种
- Rubroporus Log.-Leite, Ryvarden & Groposo (2002); 2种
- Ryvardenia Rajchenb. (1994); 2种
- Sarcoporia P.Karst. (1894); 3种
- 骨皮菌属[1] Skeletocutis Kotl. & Pouzar (1958); 43种
- Sparsitubus L.W.Hsu & J.D.Zhao (1980); 1种
- Spongipellis Pat. (1887); 9种
- Stiptophyllum Ryvarden (1973); 1种
- Thermophymatospora Udagawa, Awao & Abdullah (1986); 1种
- Tinctoporellus Ryvarden (1979); 4种
- 栓菌属[1] Trametes Fr. (1836); 195种
- Trametopsis Tomšovský (2008); 1种
- 干酪菌属[1] Tyromyces P.Karst. (1881); 119种
- Truncospora Pilát (1953); 10种
- Vanderbylia D.A.Reid (1973); 7种
- Wolfiporia Ryvarden & Gilb. (1984); 6种
- Xerotus Fr. (1828); 16种
- Yuchengia B.K.Cui & Steffen (2013); 1种
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