奥利维埃·梅西安

奧立佛·梅湘（法語：，法语发音：[ɔlivje mɛsjɑ̃]，1908年12月10日－1992年4月27日），法國作曲家、風琴家、音乐教育家，普遍公認為二十世紀最具代表性的作曲家之一。他的音樂常融入複雜的節奏語言（他私下鍾愛古希臘和印度音樂），並以「有限移調調式」（梅湘自他早期作品中提出的概念）鋪陳出和聲與旋律。梅湘身為一位天主教徒，曲作中常流露出他對信仰的虔誠。

梅西安
原文名
出生1908年12月10日
阿维尼翁
逝世1992年4月27日(83歲）
巴黎
国籍法国
知名作品管弦乐《图伦加利亚交响曲》，宗教音乐《我主基督之变形》，钢琴曲《圣婴二十默想》，《鸟鸣集》，室内乐《时间结束四重奏》
所属时期/乐派20世纪
擅长类型管弦乐，键盘音乐，宗教音乐

他時常遠行，因而在作品中融入了多樣元素，例如日本音樂、猶他州布萊斯峽谷國家公園的風景以及聖方濟各的生活等。梅湘曾形容，當他聽見和音、尤其是根據他的音樂調式所譜出的和聲時，會不由自主產生共鳴、聯想到色彩（即所謂的聯覺現象），進而將這些色彩結合、轉化入旋律之中。有一段時間，他全心投入關於「全序列主義」參數化的實驗，因此被後世認定是序列主義領域的革新先鋒。他是首位在管弦樂曲中使用馬特諾琴的作曲家之一。

生平

梅西安於1919年至1930年間在巴黎音樂學院修讀音樂。1931年開始，受聘為巴黎天主圣三教堂的風琴師。二次世界大戰爆發後，1939年受召入伍，不久即被德軍俘虜，1941年獲釋。1942年受聘為巴黎音樂學院教授。

梅西安對調性、和聲、十二音列、鳥歌、希臘節奏、印度節奏等等都有深入的研究，其音樂理論著作有《我的音樂語言》（Technique de mon langage musical）和《節奏、色彩與鳥鳴的理論》（Traité de rythme, de couleur, et d’ornithologie）。梅西安是巴黎音樂學院的教授，其著名學生有皮埃尔·布莱兹（Pierre Boulez）、卡尔海因茨·施托克豪森（Karlheinz Stockhausen）、伊馮·洛里奧（Yvonne Loriod，後來成為梅西安第二任妻子）、澤納基斯（Iannis Xenakis）、陳其鋼等等。

音乐作品
  • 1935 管風琴曲基督降生（La nativite du seigneur）
  • 1941 為小提琴、單簧管、大提琴、鋼琴而作的时间终结四重奏（Quatuor pour la fin du temps，又譯作：末日四重奏）
  • 1943 雙鋼琴曲阿門之幻想（Visions de l'amen）
  • 1944 20首圣婴的冥想 （Vingt regards sur l'enfant-Jésus）
  • 1946-48 图伦加利拉交响曲（Turangalila Symphony，又譯作：愛之交響曲）
  • 1959-60 時間色彩（Chronochromie）
  • 1932 昇天（L'ascension）
  • 1948 康德約蒂亞（Canteyodiaya）
  • 1974 星辰峽谷（Des canyons aux étoiles…）
  • 1952 黑喜鵲（Le merle noir）
  • 1953 鳥兒醒來（Le reveil des oiseaux）
  • 1955-56 異邦鳥（Oiseaux Exotiques）
  • 1956-58 鳥誌（Catalogue d’Oiseaux）
  • 1963 天堂的色彩（Couleurs de la Cité Céleste）
  • 1975-1983 阿西西的聖方濟各（Saint-François d'Assise）

延伸阅读
  • Baggech, Melody Ann (1998). An English Translation of Olivier Messiaen's "Traite de Rythme, de Couleur, et d'Ornithologie" Norman: The University of Oklahoma.
  • Barker, Thomas (2012). "The Social and Aesthetic Situation of Olivier Messiaen's Religious Music: Turangalîla Symphonie." International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music 43/1:53–70.
  • Benitez, Vincent P. . College Music Symposium. 2000, 40 (2000): 117–39. JSTOR 40374403.
  • Benitez, Vincent P. (2001). "Pitch Organization and Dramatic Design in Saint François d’Assise of Olivier Messiaen." PhD diss., Bloomington: Indiana University.
  • Benitez, Vincent P. (2002). “Simultaneous Contrast and Additive Designs in Olivier Messiaen’s Opera Saint François d’Assise.” Music Theory Online 8.2 (August 2002). http://mto.societymusictheory.org/ 页面存档备份，存于
  • Benitez, Vincent P. (2004). "Aspects of Harmony in Messiaen's Later Music: An Examination of the Chords of Transposed Inversions on the Same Bass Note." Journal of Musicological Research 23, no. 2: 187–226.
  • Benitez, Vincent P. (2004). "Narrating Saint Francis's Spiritual Journey: Referential Pitch Structures and Symbolic Images in Olivier Messiaen's Saint François d'Assise." In Poznan Studies on Opera, edited by Maciej Jablonski, 363–411.
  • Benitez, Vincent P. (2008). “Messiaen as Improviser.” Dutch Journal of Music Theory 13, no. 2 (May 2008): 129–44.
  • Benitez, Vincent P. (2009). “Reconsidering Messiaen as Serialist.” Music Analysis 28, nos. 2–3 (2009): 267–99 (published April 21, 2011).
  • Benitez, Vincent P. (2010). "Messiaen and Aquinas." In Messiaen the Theologian, edited by Andrew Shenton, 101–26. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Boivin, Jean (1993). "La Classe de Messiaen: Historique, reconstitution, impact". Ph.D. diss. Montreal: Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal.
  • Boswell-Kurc, Lilise (2001). "Olivier Messiaen's Religious War-Time Works and Their Controversial Reception in France (1941–1946) ". Ph.D. diss. New York: New York University.
  • Bruhn, Siglind. . Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-57647-129-6.
  • Bruhn, Siglind. . Dimension & diversity, no. 10. 1st. Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press. Jul 7, 2008: 229. ISBN 978-1576471395. OCLC 227191541 （英语）.
  • Burns, Jeffrey Phillips (1995). "Messiaen's Modes of Limited Transposition Reconsidered". M.M. thesis, Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  • Cheong Wai-Ling (2003). "Messiaen's Chord Tables: Ordering the Disordered". Tempo 57, no. 226 (October): 2–10.
  • Cheong Wai-Ling (2008). "Neumes and Greek Rhythms: The Breakthrough in Messiaen's Birdsong". Acta Musicologica 80, no. 1:1–32.
  • Dingle, Christopher (2013). Messiaen's Final Works. Farnham, UK: Ashgate. ISBN 9780754606338.
  • Fallon, Robert Joseph (2005). "Messiaen's Mimesis: The Language and Culture of The Bird Styles". Ph.D. diss. Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley.
  • Fallon, Robert (2008). "Birds, Beasts, and Bombs in Messiaen's Cold War Mass". The Journal of Musicology 26, no. 2 (Spring): 175–204.
  • Festa, Paul. . San Francisco: Bar Nothing Books. 2008.
  • Goléa, Antoine. . Paris: Julliard. 1960.
  • Hardink, Jason M. (2007). "Messiaen and Plainchant". D.M.A. diss. Houston: Rice University.
  • Harris, Joseph Edward (2004). "Musique coloree: Synesthetic Correspondence in the Works of Olivier Messiaen". Ph.D. diss. Ames: The University of Iowa.
  • Hill, Matthew Richard (1995). "Messiaen's Regard du silence as an Expression of Catholic Faith". D.M.A. diss. Madison: The University of Wisconsin, Madison.
  • Laycock, Gary Eng Yeow (2010). "Re-evaluating Olivier Messiaen's Musical Language from 1917 to 1935". Ph.D. diss. Bloomington: Indiana University, 2010.
  • Luchese, Diane (1998). "Olivier Messiaen's Slow Music: Glimpses of Eternity in Time". Ph.D. diss. Evanston: Northwestern University
  • McGinnis, Margaret Elizabeth (2003). "Playing the Fields: Messiaen, Music, and the Extramusical". Ph.D. diss. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
  • Nelson, David Lowell (1992). "An Analysis of Olivier Messiaen's Chant Paraphrases". 2 vols. Ph.D. diss. Evanston: Northwestern University
  • Ngim, Alan Gerald (1997). "Olivier Messiaen as a Pianist: A Study of Tempo and Rhythm Based on His Recordings of Visions de l'amen". D.M.A. diss. Coral Gables: University of Miami.
  • Peterson, Larry Wayne (1973). "Messiaen and Rhythm: Theory and Practice". Ph.D. diss. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  • Puspita, Amelia (2008). "The Influence of Balinese Gamelan on the Music of Olivier Messiaen". D.M.A. diss. Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati
  • Reverdy, Michèle. . Paris: Alphonse Leduc. 1988. ISBN 2-85689-038-5.
  • Schultz, Rob (2008). "Melodic Contour and Nonretrogradable Structure in the Birdsong of Olivier Messiaen". Music Theory Spectrum 30, no. 1 (Spring): 89–137.
  • Shenton, Andrew (1998). "The Unspoken Word: Olivier Messiaen's 'langage communicable'". Ph.D. diss. Cambridge: Harvard University.
  • Shenton, Andrew. . Abingdon, Oxon & New York: Routledge. 2008. ISBN 978-0754661689.
  • Shenton, Andrew (ed.). . Abingdon, Oxon & New York: Routledge. 2010. ISBN 978-0754666400.
  • Sholl, Robert. . Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-521-83981-5.
  • Simeone, Nigel (2004). "'Chez Messiaen, tout est priére': Messiaen's Appointment at the Trinité". The Musical Times 145, no. 1889 (Winter): 36–53.
  • Simeone, Nigel (2008). "Messiaen, Koussevitzky and the USA". The Musical Times 149, no. 1905 (Winter): 25–44.
  • Waumsley, Stuart. New. Paris: Alphonse Leduc. 1975. OCLC 2911308; LCCN 77-457244.
  • Welsh Ibanez, Deborah (2005). Color, Timbre, and Resonance: Developments in Olivier Messiaen's Use of Percussion Between 1956–1965. D.M.A. diss. Coral Gables: University of Miami
  • Zheng, Zhong (2004). A Study of Messiaen's Solo Piano Works. Ph.D. diss. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Films
  • Apparition of the Eternal Church – Paul Festa's 2006 film about responses of 31 artists to Messiaen's music.
  • Messiaen at 80 (1988). Directed by Sue Knussen. BFI database entry.
  • Olivier Messiaen et les oiseaux (1973). Directed by Michel Fano and Denise Tual.
  • Olivier Messiaen – The Crystal Liturgy (2007 [DVD release date]). Directed by Olivier Mille.
  • Olivier Messiaen: Works (1991). DVD on which Messiaen performs "Improvisations" on the organ at the Paris Trinity Church.
  • The South Bank Show: Olivier Messiaen: The Music of Faith (1985). Directed by Alan Benson. BFI database entry.
  • Quartet for the End of Time, with the President's Own Marine Band Ensemble, A Film by H. Paul Moon

参见
  • 古典音乐作曲家列表
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.