安東寧·姆爾科斯
安東寧·姆爾科斯(捷克語:,捷克語發音:[ˈantoɲiːn ˈmr̩kos],1918年1月27日-1996年3月29日),捷克天文學家,是許多彗星和小行星的發現者,生於 Střemchoví。
小行星發現數量:274 | |
---|---|
2199 Kleť | 6 June 1978 |
2304 Slavia | 18 May 1979 |
2325 Chernykh | 25 September 1979 |
2367 Praha | 8 January 1981 |
2403 Šumava | 25 September 1979 |
2404 Antarctica | 1 October 1980 |
2552 Remek | 24 September 1978 |
2559 Svoboda | 23 October 1981 |
2747 Český Krumlov | 19 February 1980 |
2811 Střemchoví | 10 May 1980 |
2889 Brno | 17 November 1981 |
2936 Nechvíle | 17 September 1979 |
2971 Mohr | 30 December 1980 |
3003 Konček | 28 December 1983 |
3017 Petrovič | 25 October 1981 |
3130 Hillary | 20 December 1981 |
3137 Horky | 16 September 1982 |
3141 Buchar | 2 September 1984 |
3168 Lomnický Štít | 1 December 1980 |
3257 Hanzlík | 15 April 1982 |
3276 Porta Coeli | 15 September 1982 |
3278 Běhounek | 27 January 1984 |
3313 Mendel | 19 February 1980 |
3324 Avsyuk | 4 February 1983 |
3326 Agafonikov | 20 March 1985 |
3334 Somov | 20 December 1981 |
3339 Treshnikov | 6 June 1978 |
3357 Tolstikov | 21 March 1984 |
3364 Zdenka | 5 April 1984 |
3395 Jitka | 20 October 1985 |
3451 Mentor | 19 April 1984 |
3490 Šolc | 20 September 1984 |
3550 Link | 20 December 1981 |
3571 Milanštefánik | 15 March 1982 |
3629 Lebedinskij | 21 November 1982 |
3630 Lubomír | 28 August 1984 |
3636 Pajdušáková | 17 October 1982 |
3645 Fabini | 28 August 1981 |
3665 Fitzgerald | 19 March 1979 |
3701 Purkyně | 20 February 1985 |
3715 Štohl | 19 February 1980 |
3716 Petzval | 2 October 1980 |
3727 Maxhell | 7 August 1981 |
3781 Dufek | 2 September 1986 |
3791 Marci | 17 November 1981 |
3827 Zdeněkhorský | 3 November 1986 |
3847 Šindel | 16 February 1982 |
3887 Gerstner | 22 August 1985 |
3905 Doppler | 28 August 1984 |
3949 Mach | 20 October 1985 |
3979 Brorsen | 8 November 1983 |
3980 Hviezdoslav | 4 December 1983 |
3981 Stodola | 26 January 1984 |
3983 Sakiko | 20 September 1984 |
3993 Šorm | 4 November 1988 |
4018 Bratislava | 30 December 1980 |
4054 Turnov | 5 October 1983 |
4090 Říšehvězd | 2 September 1986 |
4176 Sudek | 24 February 1987 |
4238 Audrey | 13 April 1980 |
4249 Křemže | 29 September 1984 |
4277 Holubov | 15 January 1982 |
4287 Třísov | 7 September 1989 |
4339 Almamater | 20 October 1985 |
4405 Otava | 21 August 1987 |
4408 Zlatá Koruna | 4 October 1988 |
4552 Nabelek | 11 May 1980 |
4554 Fanynka | 28 October 1986 |
4610 Kájov | 26 March 1989 |
4662 Runk | 19 April 1984 |
4663 Falta | 27 September 1984 |
4671 Drtikol | 10 January 1988 |
4691 Toyen | 7 October 1983 |
4698 Jizera | 4 September 1986 |
4702 Berounka | 23 April 1987 |
4801 Ohře | 22 October 1989 |
4823 Libenice | 4 October 1986 |
4824 Stradonice | 25 November 1986 |
5026 Martes | 22 August 1987 |
5089 Nádherná | 25 September 1979 |
5102 Benfranklin | 2 September 1986 |
5103 Diviš | 4 September 1986 |
5122 Mucha | 3 January 1989 |
(5202) 1983 XX | 5 December 1983 |
5250 Jas | 21 August 1984 |
5318 Dientzenhofer | 21 April 1985 |
5363 Kupka | 19 October 1979 |
5418 Joyce | 29 August 1981 |
5425 Vojtěch | 20 September 1984 |
5552 Studnička | 16 September 1982 |
(5573) 1981 QX | 24 August 1981 |
5583 Braunerová | 5 March 1989 |
5668 Foucault | 22 March 1984 |
5712 Funke | 25 September 1979 |
5719 Křižík | 7 September 1983 |
5797 Bivoj | 13 January 1980 |
5800 Pollock | 16 October 1982 |
5801 Vasarely | 26 January 1984 |
5803 Ötzi | 21 July 1984 |
5804 Bambinidipraga | 9 September 1985 |
5865 Qualytemocrina | 31 August 1984 |
5891 Gehrig | 22 September 1981 |
5894 Telč | 14 September 1982 |
5897 Novotná | 29 September 1984 |
5910 Zátopek | 29 November 1989 |
5946 Hrozný | 28 October 1984 |
5958 Barrande | 29 January 1989 |
5997 Dirac | 1 October 1983 |
5998 Sitenský | 2 September 1986 |
6060 Doudleby | 19 February 1980 |
6064 Holašovice | 23 April 1987 |
6149 Pelčák | 25 September 1979 |
6175 Cori | 4 December 1983 |
6221 Ducentesima | 13 April 1980 |
6223 Dahl | 3 September 1980 |
6231 Hundertwasser | 20 March 1985 |
6266 Letzel | 4 October 1986 |
6281 Strnad | 16 September 1980 |
6377 Cagney | 25 June 1987 |
6379 Vrba | 15 November 1987 |
6385 Martindavid | 5 March 1989 |
6433 Enya | 18 November 1978 |
6440 Ransome | 8 September 1988 |
6441 Milenajesenská | 9 September 1988 |
6469 Armstrong | 14 August 1982 |
6470 Aldrin | 14 September 1982 |
6471 Collins | 4 March 1983 |
6481 Tenzing | 9 September 1988 |
6508 Rolčík | 22 August 1982 |
6516 Gruss | 3 October 1988 |
6540 Stepling | 16 September 1982 |
6542 Jacquescousteau | 15 February 1985 |
6546 Kaye | 24 February 1987 |
6550 Parléř | 4 November 1988 |
6556 Arcimboldo | 29 December 1989 |
6581 Sobers | 22 September 1981 |
6583 Destinn | 21 February 1984 |
6586 Seydler | 28 October 1984 |
6594 Tasman | 25 June 1987 |
6596 Bittner | 15 November 1987 |
6597 Kreil | 9 January 1988 |
6600 Qwerty | 17 August 1988 |
6701 Warhol | 14 January 1988 |
6712 Hornstein | 23 February 1990 |
6758 Jesseowens | 13 April 1980 |
6768 Mathiasbraun | 7 September 1983 |
6769 Brokoff | 15 February 1985 |
6774 Vladheinrich | 4 November 1988 |
6779 Perrine | 20 February 1990 |
6817 Pest | 20 January 1982 |
6824 Mallory | 8 September 1988 |
6825 Irvine | 4 October 1988 |
6897 Tabei | 15 November 1987 |
(7080) 1986 RS1 | 5 September 1986 |
7107 Peiser | 15 August 1980 |
7114 Weinek | 29 November 1986 |
7115 Franciscuszeno | 29 November 1986 |
7118 Kuklov | 4 November 1988 |
7171 Arthurkraus | 13 January 1988 |
7226 Kryl | 21 August 1984 |
7232 Nabokov | 20 October 1985 |
7328 Casanova | 20 September 1984 |
7332 Ponrepo | 4 December 1986 |
7334 Sciurus | 17 August 1988 |
7391 Strouhal | 8 November 1983 |
7398 Walsh | 3 November 1986 |
7403 Choustník | 14 January 1988 |
7464 Vipera | 15 November 1987 |
(7635) 1983 VH1 | 6 November 1983 |
7644 Cslewis | 4 November 1988 |
7645 Pons | 4 January 1989 |
7694 Krasetín | 29 September 1983 |
7695 Přemysl | 27 November 1984 |
7699 Božek | 2 February 1989 |
7701 Zrzavý | 14 October 1990 |
7742 Altamira | 20 October 1985 |
(7820) 1990 TU8 | 14 October 1990 |
7859 Lhasa | 19 October 1979 |
(7864) 1982 EE | 14 March 1982 |
7867 Burian | 20 September 1984 |
(7927) 1986 WV1 | 29 November 1986 |
(7993) 1982 UD2 | 16 October 1982 |
8001 Ramsden | 4 October 1986 |
(8002) 1986 XF5 | 4 December 1986 |
8022 Scottcrossfield | 10 November 1990 |
8143 Nezval | 11 November 1982 |
(8152) 1986 VY | 3 November 1986 |
(8153) 1986 WO1 | 25 November 1986 |
8249 Gershwin | 13 April 1980 |
(8258) 1982 RW1 | 15 September 1982 |
(8267) 1986 TX3 | 4 October 1986 |
(8333) 1982 VF | 7 November 1982 |
8336 Šafařík | 27 September 1984 |
8343 Tugendhat | 4 October 1986 |
(8479) 1987 HD2 | 29 April 1987 |
(8639) 1986 VB1 | 3 November 1986 |
(8650) 1989 TJ2 | 5 October 1989 |
9007 James Bond | 5 October 1983 |
9008 Bohšternberk | 27 January 1984 |
(9011) 1984 SU | 20 September 1984 |
(9027) 1988 VP5 | 4 November 1988 |
9028 Konrádbeneš | 26 January 1989 |
(9031) 1989 WG4 | 29 November 1989 |
(9292) 1982 UE2 | 16 October 1982 |
(9538) 1982 UM2 | 20 October 1982 |
9551 Kazi | 20 October 1985 |
(9552) 1985 UY | 24 October 1985 |
(9575) 1989 BW1 | 29 January 1989 |
(9729) 1981 RQ | 7 September 1981 |
9931 Herbhauptman | 18 April 1985 |
(10026) 1980 RE1 | 3 September 1980 |
(10037) 1984 BQ | 26 January 1984 |
(10291) 1985 UT | 20 October 1985 |
(10294) 1988 AA2 | 14 January 1988 |
(10705) 1981 SL | 22 September 1981 |
11019 Hansrott | 25 April 1984 |
11020 Orwell | 31 July 1984 |
(11026) 1986 RE1 | 2 September 1986 |
(11283) 1989 UX4 | 25 October 1989 |
(11477) 1984 SY1 | 29 September 1984 |
(11493) 1988 VN5 | 4 November 1988 |
(11825) 1982 UW1 | 16 October 1982 |
11830 Jessenius | 2 May 1984 |
(11841) 1986 VW | 3 November 1986 |
(12692) 1989 BV1 | 29 January 1989 |
(12698) 1989 US4 | 22 October 1989 |
(13491) 1984 UJ1 | 28 October 1984 |
(13501) 1987 VR | 15 November 1987 |
(13913) 1979 SO | 25 September 1979 |
(14363) 1988 RB2 | 8 September 1988 |
(14379) 1989 UM4 | 22 October 1989 |
(15222) 1982 FL1 | 24 March 1982 |
(15233) 1987 WU4 | 26 November 1987 |
(16448) 1989 RV2 | 7 September 1989 |
(17404) 1986 TZ3 | 4 October 1986 |
(17407) 1987 TG | 14 October 1987 |
(18300) 1979 PA | 14 August 1979 |
(18325) 1984 SB2 | 29 September 1984 |
(18328) 1985 UU | 20 October 1985 |
(19124) 1986 TH3 | 4 October 1986 |
19129 Loos | 10 January 1988 |
(19184) 1991 TB6 | 6 October 1991 |
20964 Mons Naklethi | 16 October 1977 |
20969 Samo | 17 September 1979 |
22260 Ur | 19 October 1979 |
(22274) 1981 RN | 7 September 1981 |
(22284) 1986 SH | 30 September 1986 |
(22288) 1988 TR2 | 11 October 1988 |
(22307) 1990 SU4 | 16 September 1990 |
(23437) 1984 SJ1 | 27 September 1984 |
(24619) 1979 DA | 26 February 1979 |
(24661) 1988 GQ | 12 April 1988 |
24662 Gryll | 14 April 1988 |
(24695) 1990 ST4 | 16 September 1990 |
(26807) 1982 RK1 | 14 September 1982 |
(27702) 1984 SE1 | 27 September 1984 |
(27703) 1984 SA2 | 29 September 1984 |
(30770) 1984 SL4 | 27 September 1984 |
(30772) 1986 RJ1 | 2 September 1986 |
(32774) 1986 VZ | 3 November 1986 |
(35086) 1990 TW8 | 14 October 1990 |
(37559) 1985 UR | 20 October 1985 |
(39514) 1986 TV3 | 4 October 1986 |
(39515) 1986 XD5 | 4 December 1986 |
(46546) 1988 VM5 | 4 November 1988 |
(52268) 1986 WU | 25 November 1986 |
(58140) 1981 SN | 22 September 1981 |
(65668) 1988 AX1 | 14 January 1988 |
(65686) 1990 TN8 | 14 October 1990 |
(85155) 1986 VH7 | 7 November 1986 |
(85164) 1988 TG2 | 3 October 1988 |
(85167) 1989 RS2 | 7 September 1989 |
(100012) 1989 BC1 | 25 January 1989 |
217628 Lugh | 17 April 1990 |
生平
姆爾科斯於1938年在位於布爾諾的布爾諾科技大學就讀,但他的學業因為第二次世界大戰爆發而中斷。1945年姆爾科斯進入位於斯洛伐克的岩湖天文台任職,他在該天文台的彗星巡天計畫中極為活躍,並發現了數顆非週期彗星,其中最有名的是明亮的1957d彗星。
姆爾科斯是1957到1959年間第三次蘇聯南極遠征的探險隊員,他是登上南極洲的第二位捷克人,也是第一位到達南極洲難以到達極點的捷克斯洛伐克公民。該次探險中捷克斯洛伐克國旗緊接在蘇聯國旗之後升起。之後姆爾科斯在1961到1963年間第七次蘇聯南極遠征中重回南極洲研究極光等,並且是四名捷克斯洛伐克籍成員之首[1]。
姆爾科斯曾經被邀請第三次前往南極洲,但他因為一次幾乎喪命的意外而無法參加。一般認為有人意圖傷害或殺害他,在他的礦泉水瓶中加入了高濃縮洗衣粉,使他餘生只能吃流質食物。
1966到1991年間姆爾科斯擔任克列特天文台台長。1968年開始姆爾科斯在克列特天文台進行照相觀測,並於1977年將照相觀測應用在搜尋小行星。多年來姆爾科斯是提供最多資料給小行星中心的觀測者。1985到1988年間他還是捷克第六總統委員會的成員(1982到1985年是副主任委員),他還是布拉格查理大學和南波希米亞大學教授。
姆爾科斯於1996年在布拉格逝世。
發現
姆爾科斯獨自或和其他人共同發現了13顆彗星,其中有週期彗星珀賴因-馬寇斯彗星、本田-姆尔科斯-帕伊杜萨科娃彗星、姆爾科斯彗星和科瓦爾-姆爾科斯彗星。他也發現了明亮的非週期彗星C/1957 P1(或1957d彗星)。姆爾科斯總共發現了273顆小行星,其中包含阿莫爾型小行星小行星5797、特洛伊小行星小行星3451。小行星6758命名為 Jesseowens 以尊崇傑西·歐文斯。小行星2747以捷克城市捷克克鲁姆洛夫命名,小行星3357以蘇聯南極探險家葉夫根尼·托爾斯季科夫命名。
小行星1832以他的姓氏命名。
參考資料
- "První český vědec na Antarktidě: Výzkum v nejdrsnějších podmínkách na Zemi" 的存檔,存档日期2012-05-20. by Hynek Adámek, National Geographic Czech, 18 May 2012 (捷克文)