成人身体细胞类型列表

人体内有数百种特异的细胞类型[1][2][3],总共有多于一百兆的细胞。

细胞类型可以依照其组织来源进行分类。然而,某些细胞的行为可能是受其外周组织影响的。

源自内胚层的细胞

外分泌上皮细胞

  • 唾液腺黏液细胞(分泌物質中以多糖為主)
  • 唾液腺浆液细胞(分泌物質中以醣蛋白酶為主)
  • 舌部的冯哎波讷腺(Von Ebner's glands)细胞(冲刷味蕾
  • 乳腺细胞(分泌乳汁
  • 泪腺细胞(分泌泪液
  • 耳的耳垢腺细胞(分泌蜡质耳垢
  • 外分泌汗腺暗细胞,Eccrine sweat gland dark cell (糖蛋白分泌,glycoprotein secretion)
  • 外分泌汗腺亮细胞,Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (小分子分泌,small molecule secretion)
  • 顶泌汗腺细胞,Apocrine sweat gland cell (性激素敏感的体味分泌,odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive)
  • 眼睑的墨氏腺细胞,Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (特殊汗腺,specialized sweat gland
  • 脂肪腺细胞,Sebaceous gland cell (皮脂腺脂肪分泌,lipid-rich sebum secretion)
  • 鼻的鲍曼氏腺细胞Bowman's gland cell in nose (冲刷嗅觉上皮,washes olfactory epithelium)
  • 十二指肠的歩茹呐氏细胞Brunner's gland cell in duodenum (酶和碱性粘液,enzymes and alkaline mucus
  • 精液泡细胞,Seminal vesicle cell (分泌精液成分,包括精子游动所需的果糖,secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm
  • 前列腺细胞,Prostate gland cell (分泌精液成分,secretes seminal fluid components)
  • 尿道球部腺细胞,Bulbourethral gland cell (粘液分泌,mucus secretion)
  • 巴多林氏腺(前庭大腺)细胞,Bartholin's gland cell (阴道润滑物质分泌,vaginal lubricant secretion)
  • 尿道腺|利特腺细胞,Gland of Littre cell (粘液分泌,mucus secretion)
  • 子宫内膜细胞,Uterus endometrium cell (碳水化合物分泌,carbohydrate secretion)
  • 呼吸系统之呼吸管或消化系统之肠胃管的孤立杯状细胞,Isolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts (粘液分泌,mucus secretion)
  • 胃膜粘液细胞,Stomach lining mucous cell (粘液分泌,mucus secretion)
  • 胃主细胞|胃腺酶源细胞,Gastric gland zymogenic cell (胃蛋白酶原分泌,pepsinogen secretion)
  • 壁细胞|胃腺泌酸细胞,Gastric gland oxyntic cell (盐酸分泌,hydrochloric acid secretion)
  • 胰腺腺泡细胞,Pancreatic acinar cell (碳酸氢盐和消化酶分泌,bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion)
  • 小肠的帕内特细胞,Paneth cell of small intestine (溶解酶分泌,lysozyme secretion)
  • 肺脏二型肺细胞,Type II pneumocyte of lung (表面活性物质分泌,surfactant secretion)
  • 肺脏的克拉拉细胞,Clara cell of lung

激素分泌细胞,Hormone secreting cells

  • 垂体前部细胞,Anterior pituitary cells
    • 生长激素细胞,Somatotropes
    • 催乳素细胞,Lactotropes
    • 促甲状腺细胞,Thyrotropes
    • 促性腺细胞,Gonadotropes
    • 促皮质激素细胞,Corticotropes
  • 垂体中叶细胞,分泌黑素细胞刺激激素,Intermediate pituitary cell, secreting melanocyte-stimulating hormone
  • 大细胞性神经分泌细胞,Magnocellular neurosecretory cells
    • 分泌后叶催产素,secreting oxytocin
    • 抗利尿激素分泌,secreting vasopressin
  • 肠和呼吸管细胞,Gut and respiratory tract cells
    • 血管收缩素分泌,secreting serotonin
    • 内啡肽分泌,secreting endorphin
    • 生长激素分泌,secreting somatostatin
    • 胃泌激素分泌,secreting gastrin
    • 分泌素分泌,secreting secretin
    • 胆囊收缩素分泌,secreting cholecystokinin
    • 胰岛素分泌,secreting insulin
    • 胰高血糖素分泌,secreting glucagon
    • 盘舌蟾素分泌,secreting bombesin
  • 甲状腺细胞,Thyroid gland cells
    • 甲状腺上皮细胞,thyroid epithelial cell
    • 滤泡旁细胞,parafollicular cell
  • 副甲状腺细胞,Parathyroid gland cells
    • 副甲状腺主细胞,Parathyroid chief cell
    • 嗜酸细胞,Oxyphil cell
  • 肾上腺细胞,Adrenal gland cells
    • 嗜铬细胞,chromaffin cells
    • 类固醇激素分泌,secreting steroid hormones (盐皮质激素与糖皮质激素,mineralcorticoids and gluco corticoids)
  • 分泌睾丸激素的睾丸间质细胞,Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone
  • 分泌雌激素的卵泡内膜细胞,Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen
  • 分泌孕酮的破裂卵泡的黄体细胞,Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone
    • 颗粒型黄体素细胞,Granulosa lutein cells
    • 皮质型黄体素细胞,Theca lutein cells
  • 近肾小球细胞,Juxtaglomerular cell (肾素分泌,renin secretion)
  • 肾脏致密斑细胞,Macula densa cell of kidney
  • 肾脏极周细胞,Peripolar cell of kidney
  • 肾脏的肾小球系膜细胞,Mesangial cell of kidney

源自外胚层的细胞

源自中胚层的细胞

Epithelial cells lining closed internal body cavities

  • 血管和淋巴管内皮穿孔细胞,Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial fenestrated cell
  • 血管和淋巴管内皮连续细胞,Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial continuous cell
  • 血管和淋巴管内皮脾脏细胞,Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial splenic cell
  • 软膜蛛网膜鳞片状细胞,Pia-arachnoid squamous cell
  • 眼睛的有色纤毛上皮细胞,Pigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye
  • 眼睛的无色纤毛上皮细胞,Nonpigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye
  • 角膜内皮细胞,Corneal endothelial cell
  • (输卵管的)钉形细胞,Peg cell (of Fallopian tube

血液与免疫系统

Pigment cells

Germ cells

护理细胞,Nurse cells

  • 卵巢卵泡细胞,Ovarian follicle cell
  • 塞尔托利氏细胞,(Sertoli cell,位于睾丸)
  • 胸腺上皮细胞,Thymus epithelial cell

间质组织细胞

參考資料

  1. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fourth Edition, Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
  2. Eukaryotic cell types in COPE database
  3. Vickaryous MK, Hall BK, Human cell type diversity, evolution, development, and classification with special reference to cells derived from the neural crest, BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, Volume: 81, Pages: 425-455, 2006

外部連結

參看

  • Wikipedia:MeSH A11
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