法 (印度哲學)

法（梵語：，，巴利語：，），意译为世间法、音译为达摩，是在印度的哲學和宗教中極其重要的一個含義多變的術語。

在傳統印度社會中，法在歷史上已經指稱了各種思想，比如吠陀儀式，道德指導、種姓制度和民法與刑法。它的最常用含義附屬著兩個基本思想: 社會生活應當通過良好定義或良好調控的等級（varna）來組織，而在某等級內的個人的生活應當組織成確定的階段（ashrama，參見 dharmasastra）。[1]

依據各種印度宗教，比如印度教、佛教、耆那教和錫克教，如法生活的人更快趨向解脫（dharma yukam, moksha 或 nirvana）。而不如法（adharma）意味著不和諧、不道德或錯誤。

佛教創始人佛陀及耆那教創始人大雄的教導和學說，也使用法這個術語。在佛教哲學中，法還是含義為現象的術語。[2]

印度教

在印度教的語境中，它意味著一個人的正當義務與責任，[3]而印度宗教的法受個人的年齡、等級、職業和性別的影響。[4]在現代印度語言中依賴於語境，它可以簡單的等價於“宗教”。

Ainslie Thomas Embree, Stephen N. Hay, William Theodore De Bary, Sources of Indian Tradition: Modern India and Pakistan. Columbia University Press, 1988, page 215.
David Kalupahana. The Philosophy of the Middle Way. SUNY Press, 1986, pages 15-16: "The old Indian term dharma was retained by the Buddha to refer to phenomena or things. However, he was always careful to define this dharma as "dependently arisen phenomena" (paticca-samuppanna-dhamma) ... In order to distinguish this notion of dhamma from the Indian conception where the term dharma meant reality (atman), in an ontological sense, the Buddha utilized the conception of result or consequence or fruit (attha, Sk. artha) to bring out the pragmatic meaning of dhamma."
Carol Henderson Garcia Culture and customs of India. 2002, page 31
Brodd, Jefferey. . Winona, MN: Saint Mary's Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-88489-725-5.

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