相互理解性

相互理解性(mutual intelligibility)指语言学上的互通程度(亦称互懂程度),為某种语言的使用者在从未接触另一种语言(包括听或学习)的情況下,能通过听力或(及)阅读理解另一种语言的程度。这一数据常被用作区分语言与方言的重要根据。另外,社会语言学亦會用作区分的根据。

语言互通有时是不对等的,即语言A与语言B的使用者在交谈时,语言A可能更易被语言B的使用者理解,反之则不成立。互通常发生在地理上毗邻的语言或方言之间,特别是方言连续体中。

例子

书面与听力

仅听力

仅书面

古语

参考文献

  1. Gooskens, Charlotte. (PDF). Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development (University of Groningen). 2007, 28 (6) [2010-05-19].
  2. Denis Sinor, The Uralic and Altaic Series, p.90
  3. Alexander M. Schenker. 1993. "Proto-Slavonic," The Slavonic Languages. (Routledge). Pp. 60-121. Pg. 60: "[The] distinction between dialect and language being blurred, there can be no unanimity on this issue in all instances..."
    C.F. Voegelin and F.M. Voegelin. 1977. Classification and Index of the World's Languages (Elsevier). Pg. 311, "In terms of immediate mutual intelligibility, the East Slavic zone is a single language."
    Bernard Comrie. 1981. The Languages of the Soviet Union (Cambridge). Pg. 145-146: "The three East Slavonic languages are very close to one another, with very high rates of mutual intelligibility...The separation of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian as distinct languages is relatively recent...Many Ukrainians in fact speak a mixture of Ukrainian and Russian, finding it difficult to keep the two languages apart...
  4. Greenberg, Robert David. . Oxford University Press. 2004: 14. ISBN 9780199258154.
  5. Language profile Macedonian 页面存档备份,存于, UCLA International Institute
  6. Trudgill, Peter. (PDF). Duszak, Anna; Okulska, Urszula (编). . Polish Studies in English Language and Literature 11. Peter Lang. 2004. ISBN 0820473286.
  7. Bø, I. . Rogalandsforskning. 1976, 4.
  8. Katzner, Kenneth. 3rd ed. London: Routledge. 2002. ISBN 0203430166. OCLC 51322181.
  9. Taagepera, Rein. . Routledge. 1999: 100. ISBN 0-415-91977-0.
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  14. Kirundi Language
  15. GAVILANES LASO, J. L. (1996) Algunas consideraciones sobre la inteligibilidad mutua hispano-portuguesa In: Actas del Congreso Internacional Luso-Español de Lengua y Cultura en la Frontera, Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 175-187.
  16. Comparação Português e Castelhano
  17. Algumas observações sobre a noção de língua portuguesa
  18. Wright, Sue. . Multilingual Matters Ltd. 1996: 80. ISBN 1853593540.
  19. . [2010-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-08).
  20. Българският език през ХХ век (The Bulgarian language in the 20th century)
  21. Dari/Persian/Tajik languages
  22. Avrum Ehrlich, Mark. . ABC-CLIO. 2009: 192. ISBN 9781851098736.
  23. Gumperz, John J. . The Journal of Asian Studies. February 1957, 16 (2): 251–259.
  24. Ausbau and Abstand languages
  25. Hahn, Reinard F. . Lars Johanson, Éva Csató (编). . Taylor & Francis. 1998: 379. ISBN 9780415082006.
  26. Barbour, Stephen. . Oxford University Press. 2000: 106. ISBN 9780199250851.
  27. Fortson, Benjamin W. . Wiley-Blackwell. 2004: 315. ISBN 1405103167.

延伸閱讀

  • Casad, Eugene H. . Summer Institute of Linguistics. 1974. ISBN 0-88312-040-2.
  • Gooskens, Charlotte. (PDF). Bayley, Robert; Cameron, Richard; Lucas, Ceil (编). . Oxford University Press. 2013: 195–213. ISBN 978-0-19-974408-4.
  • Gooskens, Charlotte; van Heuven, Vincent J.; Golubović, Jelena; Schüppert, Anja; Swarte, Femke; Voigt, Stefanie. . International Journal of Multilingualism. 2017. doi:10.1080/14790718.2017.1350185.
  • Grimes, Joseph E. . Language. 1974, 50 (2): 260–269. JSTOR 412437.

外部連結

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