细胞外基质
在生物学,细胞外间质或细胞外基质(Extracellular matrix)是动物组织的一部分,不属于任何细胞。细胞外间质决定结缔组织的特性。
細胞外基質 | |
---|---|
Illustration depicting extracellular matrix (basement membrane and interstitial matrix) in relation to epithelium, endothelium and connective tissue | |
细节 | |
识别标示 | |
拉丁语 | Matrix Extracellularis |
縮寫 | ECM |
MeSH | D005109 |
TH | H2.00.03.0.02001 |
Anatomical terms of microanatomy |
组成成分
- 纤维结构蛋白:胶原蛋白(collagen)、弹性蛋白(elastin)、层粘连蛋白(laminin)和纤连蛋白(fibronectin)。其中胶原蛋白为最重要的成分。这些蛋白为巨长的大分子,形成坚韧的三股螺旋结构纤维。
- 多糖:透明质酸(hyaluronan)
- 蛋白多糖:含有糖胺多糖的硫酸软骨素(chondroitin);含有硫酸肝素的糖蛋白。
此外细胞外间质还吸收了多种细胞生长因子和蛋白酶。当生理条件变化时,激活蛋白酶而释放这些细胞因子,而无需从头合成这些因子,从而迅速激活细胞功能。
功能
鉴于细胞外间质的多样性,细胞外间质有多方面的功能。例如,为细胞提供支持和固定、提供组织间的分离方法、调节细胞间的沟通、调节细胞的动态行为。
参考文献
- Borg TK. It's the matrix! ECM, proteases, and cancer. Am J Pathol. 2004 Apr;164(4):1141-2
- Raghow R. The role of extracellular matrix in postinflammatory wound healing and fibrosis. FASEB J. 1994 Aug;8(11):823-31
- Roman J. Extracellular matrix and lung inflammation. Immunol Res. 1996;15(2):163-78
延伸閱讀
- [ ANAT3231 Lecture 08 Extracellular Matrix] - Lecture about extracellular matrix from UNSW Cell Biology website.
- Extracellular matrix: review of its roles in acute and chronic wounds 页面存档备份,存于
- Usage of Extracellular Matrix from pigs to regrow human extremities 页面存档备份,存于
- "The Extracellular Matrix of Animals", from Chapter 19 of The Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition, Alberts et al. 页面存档备份,存于
- Biology, John W. Kimball. An online Biology textbook.
- 页面存档备份,存于, The man who grew a finger, By Matthew Price, BBC news
- Sound Medicine - Heart Tissue Regeneration - July 19 interview discussing ECM and its uses in cardiac tissue repair (requires MP3 playback) [broken link].
- Growing Body Parts 页面存档备份,存于 - A December 2009 report by 60 Minutes
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