美洲南瓜

美洲南瓜（學名：）是葫蘆目葫蘆科南瓜屬下的一个种。它的人工栽培品种在北美十分广泛，英语常通称为。在亚洲最常见的品种为南瓜和西葫芦。 美洲南瓜在北美被人工栽培了数千年，在密苏里地区有四千年以上的历史[4]。

美洲南瓜
各种人工栽培品种，左上起顺时针分别为：pattypan squash、yellow summer squash、西葫芦和南瓜
保护状况
科学分类
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支： 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目： 葫芦目 Cucurbitales
科： 葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae
属： 南瓜属 Cucurbita
种： 美洲南瓜 C. pepo
二名法
Cucurbita pepo
L., 1753
亞種[2]
  • Cucurbita pepo subsp. fraterna
  • Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo
  • Cucurbita pepo subsp. texana
異名[3]
  • Citrullus variegatus Schrad. ex M.Roem.
  • Cucumis pepo (L.) Dumort.
  • Cucumis zapallo Steud.
  • Cucurbita aurantia Willd.
  • Cucurbita ceratoceras Haberle ex Mart.
  • Cucurbita clodiensis Nocca
  • Cucurbita courgero Ser.
  • Cucurbita elongata Bean ex Schrad.
  • Cucurbita esculenta Gray
  • Cucurbita fastuosa Salisb.
  • Cucurbita grisea M.Roem.
  • Cucurbita hybrida Bertol. ex Naudin
  • Cucurbita lignosa Mill.
  • Cucurbita mammeata Molina
  • Cucurbita mammosa J.F.Gmel.
  • Cucurbita marsupiiformis Haberle ex M.Roem. [Invalid]
  • Cucurbita melopepo L.
  • Cucurbita oblonga Link
  • Cucurbita polymorpha Duchesne
  • Cucurbita pomiformis M.Roem.
  • Cucurbita pyridaris Duchesne ex Poir.
  • Cucurbita pyxidaris DC.
  • Cucurbita subverrucosa Willd.
  • Cucurbita succado Nägeli ex Naudin
  • Cucurbita succedo Arn.
  • Cucurbita tuberculosa Schrad.
  • Cucurbita urnigera Schrad.
  • Cucurbita variegata Steud.
  • Cucurbita venosa Descourt.
  • Cucurbita verrucosa L.
  • Pepo citrullus Sageret
  • Pepo potiron Sageret
  • Pepo vulgaris Moench

人工栽培品种

大多为北美品种，许多英语名称无中文译名。

栽培群植物学名称图像描述
橡果形C. pepo var. turbinatawinter squash, both a shrubby and creeping plant, obovoid or conical shape, pointed at the apex and with longitudinal grooves, thus resembling a spinning top,[5]ex: Acorn squash[4][6][7]
CocozzelleC. pepo var. iongasummer squash, long round slender fruit that is slightly bulbous at the apex,[5]similar to fastigata, ex: Cocozelle von tripolis[4][6][7]
歪脖南瓜C. pepo var. torticolliasummer squash, shrubby plant, with yellow, golden, or white fruit which is long and curved at the end and generally has a verrucose (wart-covered) rind,[5]ex: Yellow crookneck squash[4][6][7]
南瓜型C. pepo var. pepo
winter squash, creeping plant, round, oblate, or oval shape and round or flat on the ends,[5]ex: 南瓜;[4][6][7]includes C. pepo subsp. pepo var. styriaca, used for Styrian pumpkin seed oil[8]
扇贝型C. pepo var. clypeata; called C. melopepo by Linnaeus[9]summer squash, prefers half-shrubby habitat, flattened or slightly discoidal shape, with undulations or equatorial edges,[5]ex: Pattypan squash[4][6][7]
直南瓜C. pepo var. recticollissummer squash, shrubby plant, with yellow or golden fruit and verrucose rind, similar to var. torticollia but a stem end that narrows,[5]ex: Yellow summer squash[4][6][7]
菜用南瓜C. pepo var. fastigatasummer and winter squashes, creeper traits and a semi-shrub, cream to dark green color, short round fruit with a slightly broad apex,[5]ex: Spaghetti squash (a winter variety)[4][6][7]
西葫芦C. pepo var. cylindricasummer squash, presently the most common group of cultivars, origin is recent (19th century), semi-shrubby, cylindrical fruit with a mostly consistent diameter,[5]similar to fastigata, ex: Zucchini[4][6][7]
装饰性葫芦C. pepo var. ovifera不可食用的品种[10]。 field pumpkins closely related to C. texana, vine habitat, thin stems, small leaves, three sub-groups: C. pepo var. ovifera (egg-shaped, pear-shaped), C. pepo var. aurantia (orange color), and C. pepo var. verrucosa (round warty gourds), ornamental gourds found in Texas and called var. texana and ornamental gourds found outside of Texas (Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana) are called var. ozarkana.[11]

参考资料
  1. Castellanos Morales, G., Sánchez de la Vega, G., Aragón Cuevas, F., Contreras, A; Lira Saade, R. . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019, 2019: e.T20742885A20755901 [12 May 2020]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T20742885A20755901.en. 已忽略未知参数|doi-access= (帮助)
  2. Paris, H. S.; Yonash, N.; Portnoy, V.; Mozes-Daube, N.; Tzuri, G.; Katzir, N. . Theor. Appl. Genet. April 2003, 106 (6): 971–978. PMID 12671744. doi:10.1007/s00122-002-1157-0 (不活跃 2016-01-19).
  3. The Plant List, Cucurbita pepo
  4. Saade, R. Lira; Hernández, S. Montes. . Purdue Horticulture. [September 2, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
  5. Paris, Harry S. . Phytologia (Bronx Park). 1986, 61 (3): 133–138.
  6. . Missouri Botanical Garden. [September 2, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-11）.
  7. Heistinger, Andrea. . Portland, OR: Timber Press. 2013: 278. ISBN 978-1-60469-382-9.
  8. Fürnkranz, Michael; Lukesch, Birgit; Müller, Henry; Huss, Herbert; Grube, Martin; Berg, Gabriele. . Microbial Ecology (Springer). 2012, 63 (2): 418–428. JSTOR 41412429. doi:10.2307/41412429 (不活跃 2016-01-19).
  9. Decker-Walters, Deena S.; Staub, Jack E.; Chung, Sang-Min; Nakata, Eijiro; Quemada, Hector D. . Systematic Botany (American Society of Plant Taxonomists). 2002, 27 (1): 19–28. JSTOR 3093892. doi:10.2307/3093892 (不活跃 2016-01-19).
  10. Decker, Deena S.; Wilson, Hugh D. . Systematic Botany (American Society of Plant Taxonomists). 1987, 12 (2): 263–273. JSTOR 2419320. doi:10.2307/2419320.
  11. . Texas A&M Bioinformatics Working Group. [September 8, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-27）.
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