蒎烯
自然界存在α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯,它们之间属双键的位置异构。这两种蒎烯是松节油的主要成分(蒎烯英文名即出自松树),也存在于其它松柏門植物中。在针叶植物以外的种类中也发现其存在,比如一种菊科植物Heterotheca[3]以及大鼠尾草(三齿蒿)。
蒎烯 | |
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IUPAC名 (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane | |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 80-56-8(来源未指明) 7785-26-4(1S-α) 7785-70-8(1R-α) 2437-95-8((±)-α) 18172-67-3(β) |
性质 | |
化学式 | C10H16 |
摩尔质量 | 136.24 g·mol⁻¹ |
外观 | 液体 |
密度 | 0.86 g·cm−3 (α, 15 °C)[1][2] |
熔点 | -62 ~ -55 °C |
沸点 | 155 ~ 156 °C |
溶解性(水) | 几乎不溶于水 |
若非注明,所有数据均出自一般条件(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
蒎烯(Pinene)是一类具有相同骨架结构的天然有机化合物,属于双环单萜,分子式C10H16。
异构体
分布
α-蒎烯是自然界中最广泛分布的萜烯之一,[4]具有强烈的驱虫性。[5]
α-蒎烯主要存在于针叶树等植物。[6]也是毒马草属和鼠尾草属植物精油的主要成分。[7][8]大麻属也含α-蒎烯。[6] 产松节油的笃耨黄连木富含蒎烯。松子中也存在。[6]
参考资料
- Record of alpha-Pinen in the GESTIS Substance Database from the IFA, accessed on 07-January-2016
- Record of beta-Pinen in the GESTIS Substance Database from the IFA, accessed on 07-January-2016
- Lincoln, D.E., B.M. Lawrence. 1984. The volatile constituents of camphorweed, Heterotheca subaxillaris. Phytochemistry 23(4):933-934
- Noma Y, Asakawa Y (2010). Biotransformation of monoterpenoids by microorganisms, insects, and mammals. In: Baser KHC, Buchbauer G (eds). Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology, and Applications. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, pp. 585–736.
- Nerio LS, Olivero-Verbel J, Stashenko E. . Bioresour Technol. 2010, 101 (1): 372–378. PMID 19729299. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.048.
- Russo, E. B. . British Journal of Pharmacology. 2011, 163 (7): 1344–1364. PMC 3165946. PMID 21749363. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x.
- Kose EO, Deniz IG, Sarikurkcu C, Aktas O, Yavuz M (2010). Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Sideritis erythrantha Boiss. and Heldr. (var. erythrantha and var. cedretorum P.H. Davis) endemic in Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol 48: 2960–2965.
- Ozek G, Demirci F, Ozek T, Tabanca N, Wedge DE, Khan SI et al. (2010). Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of volatiles obtained by four different techniques from Salvia rosifolia Sm., and evaluation for biological activity. J Chromatog 1217: 741–748.
- Kasuan, Nurhani. (PDF). Malyasian Journal of Analytical Sciences. 2013, 17 (3): 359–369.
- U. Neuenschwander, Mechanism of the Aerobic Oxidation of α-Pinene, ChemSusChem. 2010, 3 (1): pp. 75–84, doi:10.1002/cssc.200900228 (德文)
- Mann, J.; Davidson, R. S.; Hobbs, J. B.; Banthorpe, D. V.; Harborne, J. B. . Harlow, UK: Addison Wesley Longman Ltd. 1994: 309–311. ISBN 0-582-06009-5.
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