鼠尾草属

鼠尾草属是唇形科下最大的一个属，包括大约1000种植物[1]，广泛分布在全球各地的温带和热带地区，既有草本也有灌木或亚灌木，大多数品种集中在亚洲。 [2]其中有许多品种可以入药或作为观赏花卉。[3]

鼠尾草属
一串红 （Salvia splendens）
科学分类
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支： 菊类植物 Asterids
目： 唇形目 Lamiales
科： 唇形科 Lamiaceae
亚科： 荆芥亚科 Nepetoideae
族： 薄荷族 Mentheae
属： 鼠尾草属 Salvia
L.
种

参见正文

鼠尾草属植物的花有明显特点，其花萼钟形，分为两唇，上唇有三齿，下唇有二齿；花冠筒形，也分为两唇，上唇完整，下唇有三裂，中裂最长；有两个能育雄蕊和两个退化的不育雄蕊；果实为小坚果。

该属植物杠杆状雄蕊（lever-like stamen）结构与传粉者形成了杠杆式背部传粉（dorsal pollination）的互作机制[4]。

主要品种
  • 翅柄葉鼠尾草 Salvia alatipetiolata（翅柄鼠尾草）
  • 白鼠尾草 Salvia apiana
  • Salvia argentea - Silver clary, Silver sage.
  • Salvia arizonica - Arizona sage, Desert indigo sage, a purple-flowering annual.
  • Salvia austriaca - Austrian sage.
  • Salvia azurea - Blue sage, Azure blue sage; very big bright blue flowers.
  • Salvia candelabrum - a blue-flowering scented sage.
  • Salvia clevelandii - Blue sage, Cleveland sage, Fragrant sage.
  • Salvia coccinea Juss. ex Murr., 1778
  • 飞鸽鼠尾草 Salvia columbariae
  • 圆苞鼠尾草 (Salvia cyclostegia)
  • Salvia discolor
  • Salvia divinorum - Diviner's sage.
  • Salvia dorrii - Ute Tobacco Sage (mild hallucinogen when smoked)
  • 凤梨鼠尾草 Salvia elegans
  • Salvia farinacea - Benth.
  • 臺灣紫花鼠尾草 Salvia fulgens - Salvia formosana (Murata) Yamazaki 1969 （蕨葉紫花鼠尾草）
  • Salvia fulgens - Cardinal sage, Mexican red sage, a red-flowering perennial
  • Salvia funerea – Death Valley sage
  • Salvia glutinosa
  • Salvia greggii - Autumn sage, a red-flowered sage with a very strong scent
  • Salvia guaranitica - Anise sage or hummingbird sage.
  • 早田氏鼠尾草 Salvia hayatana Makino ex Hayata, 1919
  • 芡欧鼠尾草 Salvia hispanica - the Chia of commerce.
  • 鼠尾草 Salvia japonica Thunb. ex Murray, 1784（日本紫花鼠尾草）
  • 隱藥鼠尾草 Salvia keitaoensis Hayata, 1919
  • Salvia leucantha - Mexican bush sage, velvety spikes of violet-purple and white, 3' tall.
  • Salvia leucophylla - Purple sage.
  • Salvia libanotica - Mediterranean or middle eastern sage
  • Salvia longistyla - Mexican sage.
  • Salvia lyrata - Lyre-leaved sage, Lyreleaf sage.
  • Salvia mexicana - Mexican sage, medium blue to violet and lavender, 8' to 10' tall.
  • Salvia microphylla
  • 丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
  • Salvia nemorosa - Meadow sage
  • 黃花鼠尾草 Salvia nipponica Miq. var. formosana (Hayata) Kudo 1929
  • 藥用鼠尾草 Salvia officinalis
  • 節毛鼠尾草 Salvia plebeia R. Brown, 1810
  • 龍膽鼠尾草（長蕊鼠尾草）Salvia patens - a blue-flowering sage.
  • Salvia polystachya - Chia sage, Chia seed.
  • Salvia potus - Chia.
  • Salvia pratensis - Meadow clary or Meadow sage.
  • Salvia roemeriana - Cedar Sage; this species prefers shady moist areas
  • 卵葉鼠尾草 Salvia scapiformis Hance, 1885
  • Salvia sclarea - Clary or Clary sage.
  • Salvia spathacea - Pitcher sage or Hummingbird sage.
  • 一串红 Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl.
  • Salvia superba
  • 田代氏鼠尾草 Salvia tashiroi Hayata, 1917
  • Salvia transylvanica
  • Salvia uliginosa
  • Salvia verbenaca - Wild clary, Wild sage.
  • Salvia verticillata - Whorled clary, Lilac sage, a white- or blue-flowering perennial with the scent of Clary.
  • Salvia viridis (syn. S. horminum) - Annual clary..

应用

鼠尾草属的拉丁名称来源与拉丁语的“治疗”（salvare）一词，在古代的地中海和小亚细亚半岛早已经应用其作为草药。[5]其中丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza）是重要的中药，而美洲的印第安人也早已经知道用鼠尾草属植物作为草药，部分芳香品种还可以提取芳香油。[6][7][8][9]

参考文献
  1. Petra Wester; Regine Claßen-Bockhoff. . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011, 98 (1): 101–155 [2015-04-07]. doi:10.3417/2007035.
  2. Kintzios, Spiridon E. 2000. Sage: the genus Salvia. Medicinal and aromatic plants--industrial profiles, v. 14. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. Page 27. ISBN 90-5823-005-8
  3. Clebsch, Betsy, and Betsy Clebsch. 2003. The new book of salvias: sages for every garden. Portland, OR: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-560-8
  4. . 科学网. 2011-03-16 [2011-03-16].
  5. Marushia, Robin, (PDF), Ethnobotany, June 2003 [2007-05-04], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2003-09-03）
  6. Akhondzadeh, S; Noroozian, M; Mohammadi, M; Ohadinia, S; Jamshidi, Ah; Khani, M. . Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. Feb 2003, 28 (1): 53–9. ISSN 0269-4727. PMID 12605619.
  7. Dos, Santos-Neto, Ll; De, Vilhena, Toledo, Ma; Medeiros-Souza, P; De, Souza, Ga. (Free full text). Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. Dec 2006, 3 (4): 441–5. PMC 1697739. PMID 17173107. doi:10.1093/ecam/nel071.
  8. Perry, Ek; Pickering, At; Wang, Ww; Houghton, P; Perry, Ns. . Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). Winter 1998, 4 (4): 419–28. ISSN 1075-5535. PMID 9884179.
  9. Iuvone, T; De, Filippis, D; Esposito, G; D'Amico, A; Izzo, Aa. (Free full text). The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. Jun 2006, 317 (3): 1143–9. PMID 16495207. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.099317.
  • A Book of Salvias: Sages for Every Garden by Betsy Clebsch, Timber Press, 1997, ISBN 0-88192-369-9. An excellent reference on salvias. Also, an updated (2004 edition) is available.
  • Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M. R. 2003, Salvia Officinalis extract in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: A double blind and placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 140, p22P-22P, 1/2p

外部链接
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：鼠尾草属
维基物种中的分类信息：鼠尾草属
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