酯
酯的制取
酯(如乙酸乙酯)可以由酸(如乙酸)和醇(如乙醇)在有浓硫酸并加热的条件下制得。因反应缓慢,需要催化剂(如:浓H2SO4)。[2]反应式如下:
此类由酸和醇在一定条件下生成酯的反应称为酯化反应。
与卤代烃的对比
卤代烃可以由卤化氢(无氧酸)和醇制得,也可以发生水解反应生成卤化氢(无氧酸)和醇。所以卤代烃在某种程度上可以视为无氧酸的酯。
參考資料
- 引用
- 國際純化學和應用化學聯合會."esters".《化学术语总目录》在线版.(英文)
- March, J. “Advanced Organic Chemistry” 4th Ed. J. Wiley and Sons, 1992: New York. ISBN 0-471-60180-2.
- Chemistry of Enols and Enolates - Acidity of alpha-hydrogens
- Roger J. Williams, Alton Gabriel, Roy C. Andrews “The Relation Between the Hydrolysis Equilibrium Constant of Esters and the Strengths of the Corresponding Acids” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1928, volume 50, 1267. doi:10.1021/ja01392a005
- B. Neises and W. Steglich. "Esterification of Carboxylic Acids with Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/4-Dimethylaminopyridine: tert-Butyl ethyl fumarate". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 7: 93.
腳注
- 來自德语 (又称 Ethylacetat「乙酸乙酯」)
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