阿米替林

阿米替林()[5],商品名稱Elavil,是使用最广泛的一种三环类抗抑郁药[6] 阿米替林可以治疗许多精神障碍[7],包括重度抑郁症焦虑症,有时候也用来治疗精神病注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD,多动症)和双相情感障碍[7][8]。阿米替林也可以預防偏头痛、治療包括纖維肌痛症疱疹後神經痛在内的神經病變痛,偶爾也會被用於治療失眠[7][9]。該藥屬於口服藥物[7]

阿米替林
系统(IUPAC)命名名称
3-(10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5-ylidene)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine
临床数据
商品名Amitrip, Elevil, Endep, Levate
Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682388
医疗法规
妊娠分级
  • AU: C
  • US: C (不排除有风险的可能)
给药途径口服,肌注
合法狀態
合法状态
  • AU: 限医生处方 (S4)
  • CA: 处方药(-only)
  • UK: 处方药(-only) (POM)
  • US: 处方药(-only)
药代动力学数据
生物利用度30–60%因经过首过代谢
蛋白结合度96%[1][2][3][4]
代谢肝脏 (CYP2D6)[1][2][3][4]
生物半衰期22.4 小时(26 hr for active metabolite, nortriptyline)[1][2][3][4]
排泄肾脏[1][2][3][4]
识别
CAS注册号50-48-6  
549-18-8hydrochloride
ATC代码N06AA09
PubChemCID 2160
IUPHAR/BPS200
DrugBankDB00321 
ChemSpider2075 
UNII1806D8D52K 
KEGGD07448 
ChEBICHEBI:2666 
ChEMBLCHEMBL629 
化学
化学式C20H23N
摩尔质量277.403 g/mol

常見的副作用包含口乾、視覺障礙、姿位性低血壓、嗜睡,以及便秘等等。嚴重的副作用可能會造成癲癇發作尿滯留青光眼,或是其他心臟問題,25歲以下的用藥者甚至會有增加自殺念頭的風險。該藥切忌與单胺氧化酶抑制剂希塞菩等藥物合用[7]。妊娠時服用阿米替林可能具有風險[10][7]哺乳期間用藥目前認為是安全的[11]。該藥為使用最廣泛的一種三環類抗抑鬱藥(TCA),然其詳細機轉仍不清楚[7]

在1960年首次發現阿米替林[12],並於1961年被美國食品藥品監督管理局核准[13]。該藥列名世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單當中,為基礎醫療體系的必備用藥之一[14]。該藥屬於通用名藥物[7],2014年每劑的批發價價格區間位於0.01至0.04美金之間[15],美國境內則約一劑0.20美金左右[7]

作用机制

受体Ki [nM][lower-alpha 1]
(阿米替林)[16][17]
Ki [nM][lower-alpha 2]
(去甲替林)[16][17]
SERT3.1316.5
NET22.44.37
DAT53803100
5-HT1A450294
5-HT1B840-
5-HT2A4.35
5-HT2C6.158.5
5-HT6103148
5-HT7114-
H11.115.1
H31000-
H433.6-
M112.940
M211.8110
M325.950
M47.284
M519.997
α12455
α26902030
D189-
D214602570
D3206-
D5170-
σ3002000

備註

  1. These Ki values are averaged binding affinities towards cloned human receptors when available.
  2. As with amitriptyline, these Kivalues are averaged binding affinities towards cloned human receptors when available.

引用

  1. . DailyMed. Dispensing Solutions, Inc. September 2013 [1 December 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-03).
  2. . Medscape Reference. WebMD. [1 December 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-03).
  3. (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Alphapharm Pty Limited. 10 December 2012 [1 December 2013]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-13).
  4. . electronic Medicines Compendium. Actavis UK Ltd. 24 March 2013 [1 December 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-03).
  5. . [2015-09-26]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-14).
  6. A.S. Yazdi, N. Razavi, S.R. Yazdinejad. Separation and determination of amitriptyline and nortriptyline by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography flame ionization detection. Talanta, 75 (2008), pp. 1293–1299
  7. . The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Sep 25, 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-24).
  8. Leucht, C; Huhn, M; Leucht, S. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. December 2012, 12: CD009138. PMID 23235671. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009138.pub2.
  9. Moore, RA; Derry, S; Aldington, D; Cole, P; Wiffen, PJ. . The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 6 July 2015, 7: CD008242. PMID 26146793.
  10. . Australian Government. 3 March 2014 [22 April 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-08).
  11. . drugs.com. Sep 8, 2014 [25 September 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-24).
  12. Sneader, Walter. . Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 2005: 414. ISBN 9780470015520.
  13. Fangmann P, Assion HJ, Juckel G, González CA, López-Muñoz F. . Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. February 2008, 28 (1): 1–4. PMID 18204333. doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181627b60.
  14. (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-04-23).
  15. . International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [2 December 2015]. (原始内容存档于2017年3月30日).
  16. Roth, BL; Driscol, J. . Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the United States National Institute of Mental Health. 12 January 2011 [1 December 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013-11-08).
  17. Brunton, L; Chabner, B; Knollman, B. 12th. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. 2010. ISBN 978-0-07-162442-8.
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