Windows Installer
Windows Installer是在Windows 2000時提出，作為微軟作業系統中的安裝程式開發標準的作業系統服務。它可以支援安裝程式所需要的許多功能，並且可以支援交易式安裝（Committable Installation），當安裝程式發現錯誤或問題時，可以將安裝程序中所做的任何修改（包含複製檔案、修改組態等）全部回溯為未變更的狀態。
 Windows Installer 在 Windows 7 上的截圖 | |
| 原作者 | 微軟 |
|---|---|
| 穩定版本 | 5.0 |
| 操作系统 | Windows |
| 类型 | Installer |
| 许可协议 | 專有 |
| 网站 | www |
.msi, .msp | |
application/x-ole-storage, text/mspg-legacyinfo | |
| 开发者 | Microsoft |
| 延伸自 | Cabinet |
| 自由格式 | 否 |
目前Windows Installer最新版本為5.0版。
組成
Windows Installer的安裝程式由Windows Installer Service、Installer Database、Installation Bootstrapper與需要安裝的檔案所組成。
- Windows Installer Service：與作業系統一起安裝，由Windows Installer安裝程式的Installation Bootstrapper啟動，負責載入Installer Database，以及Windows Installer安裝程式執行期間的交易式安裝功能，以確保安裝程式對系統的修改，不是成功就是失敗（不做任何變更）。
- Installer Database：由安裝程式工具所製作，裡面含有安裝程式的指令，流程（精靈畫面所需的資料），資料，組態設定等，為 Windows Installer 的安裝資料來源，有時候檔案也會被壓縮在Installer Database中。
- Installation Bootstrapper：啟動Windows Installer以執行安裝程式的起始用程式，通常以setup.exe命名。
可轉散布元件
利用Windows Installer開發安裝程式的軟體廠商，可以在軟體包裝中附上Windows Installer 的可轉散布套件（Redistribute Package），以確保使用者的電腦可以更新Windows Installer的模組版本，讓安裝程式得以順利執行。
Windows Installer 目前是屬於Platform SDK的一部份。
版本歷史
| 版本 | 用於[2] | 也可用於 |
|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | Office 2000 | - |
| 1.1 | Windows 2000 RTM, SP1, SP2 | Windows 95/98 Windows NT 4.0 SP6 |
| 1.2 | Windows Me | - |
| 2.0 | Windows XP RTM, SP1 Windows 2000 SP3 Windows Server 2003 RTM |
Windows 95/98/Me Windows NT 4.0 SP6 Windows 2000 RTM, SP1, SP2 |
| 3.0 | Windows XP SP2 | Windows 2000 SP3/SP4 Windows XP RTM/SP1 Windows Server 2003 RTM |
| 3.1 | Windows Server 2003 SP1 Windows XP Professional x64 Edition Windows XP SP3 |
Windows 2000 SP3, SP4 Windows XP RTM, SP1, SP2 Windows Server 2003 RTM |
| 4.0 | Windows Vista RTM, SP1 Windows Server 2008 RTM |
- |
| 4.5[3] | Windows Vista SP2 Windows Server 2008 SP2 |
Windows XP SP2, SP3 Windows Server 2003 SP1, SP2 Windows Vista RTM, SP1 Windows Server 2008[4] |
| 5.0 | Windows 7 RTM Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM Windows 8 RTM |
|
Windows Installer 5.0會與Windows Server 2008 R2及Windows 7一起發佈[5]
要知道自己的電腦使用哪個版本的Windows Installer,輸入msiexec /? 到Windows 運行對話框或命令提示符中。
工具
| 工具名稱 | 出版商 | 概述 | 授權 | 網站 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Install Time | Savage Fly Corp. | A full featured commercial installer and packaging tool for Windows Installe installations. Can create, validate and edit .msi packages. | Shareware | www |
| Advanced Installer | Caphyon Ltd. | An installer that features one freeware edition and four commercial editions. Can create, validate and edit .msi packages. | Freemium | www |
| InstallAware | InstallAware Software | A commercial setup creator that comes in four commercial editions | Shareware | www |
| InstallShield | Flexera Software | InstallShield is a software tool for creating installers or software packages primarily used for installing software for Microsoft Windows desktop and server platforms. | Shareware | www |
| InstEdit | Google Code | InstEd is a free .msi editor. Paid version with more features available also. | Freeware | www |
| IsWiX | CodePlex | Industrial Strength Windows Installer XML (IsWiX) is a document editor based on the Fireworks Application Framework. IsWiX enables non-setup developers to collaborate with setup developers using WiX projects. | Microsoft Public License | iswix |
| Microsoft Visual Studio | Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio is capable of building Windows Installer Deployment projects that can create installer packages.[6] | Shareware | www |
| MSI Studio | ScriptLogic | An .msi editor aim towards system administrators who wish to repackage installation packages or optimize the installation for their own environment/needs. | Shareware | www |
| WiX | CodePlex | WiX (Windows Installer XML) is a free and open-source set of tools that helps build a Windows Installer packages from an XML document. It can be either used from command-line or integrated into Microsoft Visual Studio. SharpDevelop, a free and open-source alternative to Visual Studio has adopted WiX.[7] | Common Public License | wix |
| 7-Zip | SourceForge | 7-Zip is an open source file archiver utility, and can extract the contents of MSI files.[8] | GNU Lesser General Public License | www |
參考文獻
- . Filext.com. [2013-04-24].
- Released Versions of Windows Installer
- What's New in Windows Installer 4.5
- . Microsoft Developers Network (MSDN) Library. Microsoft Corporation. August 2008 [1 October 2009].
Windows Installer deployment enables you to create installer packages to be distributed to users; the user runs the setup file and steps through a wizard to install the application.
- . IC#Code. [31 March 2012]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-21）.
- . InstallSite Stefan Krueger. [19 November 2009].
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