右旋安非他命

右旋安非他命
INN： Dexamfetamine
系统（IUPAC）命名名称
	(2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
临床数据
Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a605027
医疗法规	US FDA: Dextroamphetamine;
妊娠分级	AU: B3 ; US: C (不排除有风险的可能) ;
依赖性	生理依赖：无; 精神依赖：中
成瘾性	中
给药途径	口服
合法狀態
合法状态	AU: 受管控 (S8) ; CA: Schedule I ; DE: Anlage III ; UK: Class B ; US: Schedule II ;
药代动力学数据
生物利用度	Oral 75–100%[1]
蛋白结合度	15–40%
代谢	CYP2D6，多巴胺β羟化酶，[2] FMO3
開始出現藥效	IR服用：0.5至1.5小时[3][4]; XR服用：1.5至2小时[5][6]
生物半衰期	9至11小时[7]; 不同的PH值：8至31小时
作用时间	IR服用：3至7小时[5][8]; XR服用：12小时[5][6][8]
排泄	肾（45%）；[9]取决于尿液的pH值
识别
CAS注册号	51-64-9
ATC代码	N06BA02
PubChem	CID 5826
IUPHAR/BPS	2147
DrugBank	DB01576
ChemSpider	5621
UNII	TZ47U051FI
KEGG	D03740
ChEBI	CHEBI:4469
ChEMBL	CHEMBL612
化学
化学式	C9H13N
摩尔质量	135.20622
	SMILES C[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)N;
	InChI InChI=InChI=1S/C9H13N/c1-8(10)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,8H,7,10H2,1H3/t8-/m0/s1 ; Key:KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N ;
物理性质
密度	0.913 g/cm3
沸点	201.5 °C（394.7 °F）
水溶液	20 mg/mL (20 °C)

右旋安非他命（英語：）[注 1]是强力中樞神經兴奋剂，也是苯丙胺（“安非他命”）的对映异构体，是注意力不足過動症（ADHD）和發作性嗜睡病的处方药。[10]此外，它也被用作提升运动员能力的兴奋剂，也是一种益智药，同时人们在享乐时也将其用作春药和产生欣快感的药。此外，空军也将右旋安非他命广泛用作“抗睡丸”，在诸如夜间轰炸之类的容易疲倦的任务中使用。第二次世界大战期间，该药物也被用来治疗疲倦。

脚注

其他英文名称：dexamphetamine （AAN）、dexamfetamine （国际非专利药品名称和BAN）、(S)-amphetamine、(+)-amphetamine、D-amphetamine。

参考资料

. . DrugBank. [2013-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-06）.
Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W. 7th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013: 648. ISBN 1609133455. Alternatively, direct oxidation of amphetamine by DA β-hydroxylase can afford norephedrine.
Green-Hernandez, Carol; Singleton, Joanne K.; Aronzon, Daniel Z. . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001-01-01: 243 [2017-05-07]. ISBN 9780781720083. （原始内容存档于2016-05-23）.|quote = Table 21.2 Medications for ADHD ... D-amphetamine ... Onset: 30 min.
. reference.medscape.com. [2015-10-04]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-06）. Onset of action: 1–1.5 hr
Millichap JG. . Millichap JG (编). 2nd. New York, USA: Springer. 2010: 112. ISBN 9781441913968.
Table 9.2 Dextroamphetamine formulations of stimulant medication
Dexedrine [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–6 h] ...
Adderall [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–7 h]
Dexedrine spansules [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h] ...
Adderall XR [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h]
Vyvanse [Peak:3–4 h] [Duration:12 h]
Brams M, Mao AR, Doyle RL. . Postgrad. Med. September 2008, 120 (3): 69–88. PMID 18824827. doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1909. Onset of efficacy was earliest for d-MPH-ER at 0.5 hours, followed by d, l-MPH-LA at 1 to 2 hours, MCD at 1.5 hours, d, l-MPH-OR at 1 to 2 hours, MAS-XR at 1.5 to 2 hours, MTS at 2 hours, and LDX at approximately 2 hours. ... MAS-XR, and LDX have a long duration of action at 12 hours postdose
(PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.: 1–6. October 2015 [2016-05-18]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-09-15）.
Mignot EJ. . Neurotherapeutics. October 2012, 9 (4): 739–752. PMC 3480574. PMID 23065655. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0150-9.
. DailyMed. Wayne, PA: Shire US Inc. August 2006 [2013-11-08]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-13）.
(PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC: 1–7. February 2015 [2015-09-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-02-17）.

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[10] 其他英文名称：dexamphetamine （AAN）、dexamfetamine （国际非专利药品名称和BAN）、(S)-amphetamine、(+)-amphetamine、D-amphetamine。

[1] . . DrugBank. [2013-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-06）.

[DBH_ref-2] Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W. 7th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013: 648. ISBN 1609133455. Alternatively, direct oxidation of amphetamine by DA β-hydroxylase can afford norephedrine.

[3] Green-Hernandez, Carol; Singleton, Joanne K.; Aronzon, Daniel Z. . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001-01-01: 243 [2017-05-07]. ISBN 9780781720083. （原始内容存档于2016-05-23）.|quote = Table 21.2 Medications for ADHD ... D-amphetamine ... Onset: 30 min.

[4] . reference.medscape.com. [2015-10-04]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-06）. Onset of action: 1–1.5 hr

[Millichap:_onset,_peak,_and_duration-5] Millichap JG. . Millichap JG (编). 2nd. New York, USA: Springer. 2010: 112. ISBN 9781441913968.
Table 9.2 Dextroamphetamine formulations of stimulant medication
Dexedrine [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–6 h] ...
Adderall [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–7 h]
Dexedrine spansules [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h] ...
Adderall XR [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h]
Vyvanse [Peak:3–4 h] [Duration:12 h]

[XR_onset-duration-6] Brams M, Mao AR, Doyle RL. . Postgrad. Med. September 2008, 120 (3): 69–88. PMID 18824827. doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1909. Onset of efficacy was earliest for d-MPH-ER at 0.5 hours, followed by d, l-MPH-LA at 1 to 2 hours, MCD at 1.5 hours, d, l-MPH-OR at 1 to 2 hours, MAS-XR at 1.5 to 2 hours, MTS at 2 hours, and LDX at approximately 2 hours. ... MAS-XR, and LDX have a long duration of action at 12 hours postdose

[Adderall_IR-7] (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.: 1–6. October 2015 [2016-05-18]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-09-15）.

[Narcolepsy_guide-8] Mignot EJ. . Neurotherapeutics. October 2012, 9 (4): 739–752. PMC 3480574. PMID 23065655. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0150-9.

[9] . DailyMed. Wayne, PA: Shire US Inc. August 2006 [2013-11-08]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-13）.

[Dexedrine-11] (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC: 1–7. February 2015 [2015-09-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-02-17）.