左旋甲基苯丙胺
左旋甲基苯丙胺 (levomethamphetamine)[note 1]又稱左旋甲基安非他命,是右旋甲基苯丙胺的旋光異構體。左旋甲基苯丙胺是擬交感神經血管收縮劑,是一些非处方(OTC) 鼻腔去阻塞吸入劑的活性成分[note 2]。
系统(IUPAC)命名名称 | |
---|---|
(R)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-2-amine | |
临床数据 | |
给药途径 | 醫用 :吸入(鼻腔) 娛樂用 :口服 靜脈注射, insufflation,吸入 栓劑 |
合法狀態 | |
合法状态 |
|
药代动力学数据 | |
代谢 | 肝臟 |
排泄 | 腎 |
识别 | |
CAS注册号 | 33817-09-3 |
PubChem | CID 36604 |
ChemSpider | 33634 |
UNII | 44RAL3456C |
KEGG | D02291 |
化学 | |
化学式 | C10H15N |
摩尔质量 | 149.2 |
| |
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藥理學特性
左旋甲基苯丙胺可穿越血腦屏障並作為TAAR1激動劑[3],也作為去甲腎上腺素釋放劑 (對多巴胺系統較無影響[4])。它跟右旋甲基苯丙胺一樣影響中樞神經系統,但作用方式不同[5]。不同於右旋甲基苯丙胺,它在低劑量沒有造成欣快或成瘾的特性[5][6][4]。在他的幾項生理作用中,血管收縮作用使其可用於去鼻腔阻塞噴劑[7]。
左旋甲基苯丙胺的半衰期約為13.3至15小時,右旋甲基苯丙胺則為10.5小時[8]。
注释
參考資料
- . United States Food and Drug Administration. April 2015 [7 March 2016].
Topical nasal decongestants --(i) For products containing levmetamfetamine identified in 341.20(b)(1) when used in an inhalant dosage form. The product delivers in each 800 milliliters of air 0.04 to 0.150 milligrams of levmetamfetamine.
- . . Pubchem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2 January 2014].
- . . PubChem Compound. NCBI. [17 October 2014].
- Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS; Cho, AK; Melega, W. . The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. February 1995, 15 (2): 1308–17. PMID 7869099.
- Melega, WP; Cho, AK; Schmitz, D; Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS. . The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. February 1999, 288 (2): 752–8. PMID 9918585.
- Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, Nath RP, Fernandez E, Jacob P, Everhart ET, Jones RT. . Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013.
- {{cite web | author=Pray SW | title=Nonprescription Products to Avoid With Hypertension | work=uspharmacist.com | accessdate=17 October 2014 | url=http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/d/consult_your_pharmacist/c/19370/ | quote=Topical Nasal Decongestants
- Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, 等. . Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013.
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