左旋甲基苯丙胺


左旋甲基苯丙胺 (levomethamphetamine)[note 1]又稱左旋甲基安非他命,是右旋甲基苯丙胺旋光異構體左旋甲基苯丙胺擬交感神經血管收縮劑,是一些非处方(OTC) 鼻腔去阻塞吸入劑的活性成分[note 2]

左旋甲基苯丙胺
系统(IUPAC)命名名称
(R)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-2-amine
临床数据
给药途径醫用 :吸入(鼻腔)
娛樂用 :口服 靜脈注射, insufflation,吸入 栓劑
合法狀態
合法状态
  • CA: Schedule I
  • DE: Anlage II
  • UK: Class A
  • US: Schedule II;特定配方為OTC
药代动力学数据
代谢肝臟
排泄
识别
CAS注册号33817-09-3  
PubChemCID 36604
ChemSpider33634 
UNII44RAL3456C 
KEGGD02291 
化学
化学式C10H15N
摩尔质量149.2

藥理學特性

左旋甲基苯丙胺可穿越血腦屏障並作為TAAR1激動劑[3],也作為去甲腎上腺素釋放劑 (對多巴胺系統較無影響[4])。它跟右旋甲基苯丙胺一樣影響中樞神經系統,但作用方式不同[5]。不同於右旋甲基苯丙胺,它在低劑量沒有造成欣快成瘾的特性[5][6][4]。在他的幾項生理作用中,血管收縮作用使其可用於去鼻腔阻塞噴劑[7]

左旋甲基苯丙胺的半衰期約為13.3至15小時,右旋甲基苯丙胺則為10.5小時[8]

參見

注释

  1. 其他名字包含l-methamphetamine, levodesoxyephedrine, l-desoxyephedrine, levmetamfetamine (INN and USAN).
  2. The active ingredient in some OTC inhalers in the United States is listed as levmetamfetamine, the INN and USAN of levomethamphetamine.[1][2]

參考資料

  1. . United States Food and Drug Administration. April 2015 [7 March 2016]. Topical nasal decongestants --(i) For products containing levmetamfetamine identified in 341.20(b)(1) when used in an inhalant dosage form. The product delivers in each 800 milliliters of air 0.04 to 0.150 milligrams of levmetamfetamine.
  2. . . Pubchem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2 January 2014].
  3. . . PubChem Compound. NCBI. [17 October 2014].
  4. Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS; Cho, AK; Melega, W. . The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. February 1995, 15 (2): 1308–17. PMID 7869099.
  5. Melega, WP; Cho, AK; Schmitz, D; Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS. . The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. February 1999, 288 (2): 752–8. PMID 9918585.
  6. Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, Nath RP, Fernandez E, Jacob P, Everhart ET, Jones RT. . Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013.
  7. {{cite web | author=Pray SW | title=Nonprescription Products to Avoid With Hypertension | work=uspharmacist.com | accessdate=17 October 2014 | url=http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/d/consult_your_pharmacist/c/19370/ | quote=Topical Nasal Decongestants
  8. Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, 等. . Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013.
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