有羽毛恐龍列表

这是一个有关有羽毛恐龙的列表,罗列了目前发现的有羽毛印痕和其他间接证据的非鸟恐龙化石。

相关列表

目前已有眾多的非鸟恐龍被發現擁有羽毛或类似皮肤衍生物。以下列表為有直接、間接證據證明的有羽毛恐龍(以發現羽毛時間排列)。粗體字型是有發現直接的羽毛痕跡;非粗體字型是代表沒有發現直接的羽毛壓痕,而是根據羽莖瘤(Quill knobs)、尾綜骨(pygostyle)等間接骨頭特徵來推測,或者是仍未確定者。標(*)記號者,則是非兽脚类恐龍的管狀刺毛或丝状毛发;標(?)記號者,則是仍在爭議中:

已正式命名的属种

图示标本号发现羽毛时间羽毛证据发现地点地层年代备注
1印石板始祖鳥 Archaeopteryx lithographica
BMNH 37001 1st
Maxberg 3rd
chicken wing 9th
1861[1][2][3]羽毛印痕,前肢有不对称飞羽,尾部有较小不对称羽毛,后肢有较小飞羽德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation)晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian始祖鳥第1件倫敦標本
2西门子古鳥 Archaeornis seimensiiHMN MB. 1880/81 2nd1884[4]羽毛印痕,前肢有不对称飞羽,尾部有较小不对称羽毛,后肢有较小飞羽德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation)晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian始祖鳥第2件柏林標本
3反曲侏鳥 Jurapteryx recurvaJM SoS 2257 5th1974[5][6]羽毛印痕,前肢有不对称飞羽,尾部有较小不对称羽毛,后肢有较小飞羽德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation)晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian始祖鳥第5件愛希施泰特標本
4奇特擬鳥龍 Avimimus portentosusPIN 3907/11987[7][8]尺骨上有羽莖瘤蒙古納摩蓋吐組(Nemegt Formation)晚白垩紀馬斯垂克階早期 Early Maastrichtian
5伟大乌禾尔龍 Wellnhoferia grandisSolnhofen 6th1988[9][10][11]羽毛印痕,前肢有不对称飞羽,尾部有较小不对称羽毛,后肢有较小飞羽德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation)晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian始祖鳥第6件索倫霍芬標本
6巴伐利亞始祖鳥 Archaeopteryx bavaricaBSP 1999 I 50 7th1993[12]羽毛印痕,前肢有不对称飞羽,尾部有较小不对称羽毛,后肢有较小飞羽德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation)晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian始祖鳥第7件慕尼黑標本
7原始中華龍鳥 Sinosauropteryx primaGMV 2123=NIGP 127586
NIGP 127587
D 2141
IVPP V14202
1996[13]全身絲狀結構印痕中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
8強壯原始祖鳥 Protarchaeopteryx robustaNGMC 21251997[14]前臂有对称飞羽,尾巴有扇形长羽毛印痕中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
9?多鋸似鵜鶘龍 Pelecanimimus polyodonLH 77771997[15]头、颈下方及右肱骨和肘部保存下来一些皮肤衍生物,由一些近于平行的纤维状物质构成,疑似羽毛印痕西班牙拉斯奥亚斯 (La Hoyas)拉格古尼亚组(La Huerguina Formation)早白堊紀豪特里维階晚期到巴列姆階早期 Late Hauterivian-Early Barremian
10鄒氏尾羽龍 Caudipteryx zouiNGMC 97-4-A
NGMC 97-9-A
BPM 0001
IVPP V11819
1998[16][17]全身绒羽,前肢尾巴对称长羽毛印痕中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian, Early Cretaceous
11奧氏脅空鳥龍 Rahonavis ostromiUA 86561998[18][19]尺骨上有羽莖瘤馬達加斯加任加省梅法拉諾組(Maevarano Formation)晚白堊紀馬斯垂克階 Maastrichtian
12沙漠鳥面龍 Shuvuuia desertiIGM 100/9771999[20]骨架附近保存有一些白色纤维状残余物质,应为管状羽毛印痕,包含β角蛋白蒙古德加多克塔组 (Djadokhta Formation)晚白堊紀坎帕階晚期 Late Campanian
13千禧中國鳥龍 Sinornithosaurus milleniiIVPP V12811
IG-3
IG-5b
1999[21]全身絲狀羽毛,前肢局部有代羽轴的短羽毛印痕中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
14意外北票龍 Beipiaosaurus inexpectusIVPP V11559
STM31-1
1999[22][23]全身絨羽印痕中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
15董氏尾羽龍 Caudipteryx dongiIVPP V123442000[24]全身绒羽,前肢尾巴对称长羽毛印痕中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
16趙氏小盜龍 Microraptor zhaoianusIVPP V12330
IVPP V13475
CAGS 20-7-004
CAGS 20-8-001
CAGS02-IG-gausa-1/DM 609
BMNHC PH881
2000[25][26][27][28][29]全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
17戈壁天青石龍 Nomingia gobiensisGIN 100/119
(=MPC-D 102/5)
MPC-D 102/5
2000[30][31]尾綜骨蒙古布古吉-特萨(Bugin Tsav)岩层 納摩蓋吐組(Nemegt Formation)晚白垩紀馬斯垂克階早期 Early Maastrichtian
18保羅氏羽龍 Cryptovolans pauliLPM 0200/0201
=BPM1 3-13
LPM 0159
2002[32]全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕中国辽宁北票九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
19赫氏擅攀鳥龍 Scansoriopteryx heilmanniCAGS02-IG-gausa-1/DM 6072002[33]有類似絨毛的痕跡環繞在身體周圍排列成V樣式,最明顯的羽毛壓痕拖曳在左前臂與手部,尾巴末端羽毛痕跡中国辽宁道虎沟组(Daohugou Formation)中侏羅紀巴通階 Bathonian
20寧城樹息龍 Epidendrosaurus ninchengensisIVPP V126532002[34]身体類似絨毛的痕跡,前肢周圍有較長羽毛印痕,尾巴末端有模糊的扇形羽毛痕跡中国內蒙古寧城縣道虎沟组(Daohugou Formation)中侏羅紀巴通階 Bathonian
21顧氏小盜龍 Microraptor guiIVPP V13320
IVPP V13352
IVPP V17972B
IVPP V17972A
QM V1002
2003[35][36][37]全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
22長掌義縣龍 Yixianosaurus longimanusIVPP V126382003[38]絲狀羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀凡蓝今階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Valanginian-Early Aptian
23奇異帝龍 Dilong paradoxusIVPP 142432004[39]下頜尾巴絲狀羽毛印痕中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀凡蓝今階晚期豪特里维階 Late Valanginian-Hauterivian
24郝氏中國鳥龍 Sinornithosaurus haoianaD 21402004[40]全身絲狀羽毛,前肢局部有代羽轴的短羽毛印痕中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian, Early Cretaceous
25道虎溝足羽龍 Pedopenna daohugouensisIVPP V127212005[41][42]后肢对称羽毛印痕中国內蒙古寧城縣道虎沟组(Jiufotang Formation)中侏羅紀巴通階 Bathonian
26華美金鳳鳥 Jinfengopteryx elegansCAGS-IG-04-08012005[43][44]全身绒羽,前肢尾巴有长羽毛印痕中国河北丰宁化吉营组(Huajiying Formation)桥头段(Qiaotou Member)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
27斯氏侏羅獵龍 Juravenator starkiJME Sch 2002006[45][46]臀部尾巴丝状印痕德國艾希施泰德(Schamhaupton)派恩滕组(Painten Formation)晚侏羅紀基米里支階 Late Kimmeridgian“Borsti”
28巨中華麗羽龍 Sinocalliopteryx gigasJMP-V-05-8-01
CAGS-IG-T1
2007[47] [48]全身絲狀結構羽毛印痕中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
29蒙古伶盜龍 Velociraptor mongoliensisIGM 100/9812007[49]前臂尺骨上有6个羽莖瘤蒙古巴鲁恩戈约特组(Baruungoyot Formation)晚白垩紀坎潘階晚期 Late Campanian
30義縣似尾羽龍 Similicaudipteryx yixianensisIVPP V12556
STM4-1
STM22-6
2008[50][51]前肢尾巴对称羽毛印痕中国辽宁义县九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
31郝氏中鳥 Zhongornis haoaeD2455/62008[52][53][54]前肢尾巴羽毛印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Aptian, Early Cretaceous
32胡氏耀龍 Epidexipteryx huiIVPP V154712008[55]身體覆蓋者簡易的平行羽枝構成的羽毛,尾巴附有四個長條狀羽毛,尾巴羽毛可發現羽軸、羽片等構造,但構造簡易中国內蒙古寧城縣道虎沟组(Daohugou Formation)中侏羅紀巴通階 Bathonian
33赫氏近鳥龍 Anchiornis huxleyiIVPP V14378
BMNHC PH828
LPM-B00169
YFGP-T5199
2009[56]头部、颈部、身体、大腿及尾巴都覆盖着絨羽印痕,四肢有对称飞羽印痕中国辽宁建昌县髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation)中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian
34* 孔子天宇龍 Tianyulong confuciusiSTMN 26-3
IVPP V17090
2009[57][58]頸部背部尾巴管狀刺毛印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
35?駝背昆卡猎龍 Concavenator corcovatusMCCM-LH 66662010[59]前肢尺骨保存了類似羽莖瘤的結構西班牙昆卡韦尔吉纳组(Calizas de La Huerguina Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期 Late Barremian
36郑氏晓廷龍 Xiaotingia zhengiSTM27-22011[9]四肢和尾巴具有飞羽,全身其他部位有细丝状絨羽印痕中国辽宁建昌县髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation)中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian
37“建昌”近鳥龍 Anchiornis “jianchangensis”C.05022011[60]头部、颈部、身体、大腿及尾巴都覆盖着絨羽印痕,四肢有对称飞羽印痕中国辽宁髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation)中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian
38华丽羽王龍 Yutyrannus hualiZCDM V5000(IVPP FV1960)
ZCDMV5001(IVPP FV1961)
ELDM V1001(IVPP FV1962)
2012[61]全身絨羽印痕中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
39汉卿小盜龍 Microraptor hanqingiLVH 00262012[62]全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
40阿氏似松鼠龍 Sciurumimus albersdoerferiBMMS BK 112012[63]皮肤上附着有精细的、长的、发丝状羽毛,这些羽毛位于其身体前中部、腹部以下、背脊椎上以及尾部的背部一侧德國索倫霍芬石灰岩(Solnhofen)罗葛灵组(Rogling Formation)晚侏羅紀提通 Early Tithonian
41埃德蒙顿似鳥龍 Ornithomimus edmontonicusTMP 1995.110.1
塞氏似鸸鹋龙
Dromiceiomimus samueli
TMP 2008.70.1
TMP 2009.110.1
(短背似鸸鹋龙
Dromiceiomimus brevitertius
2012[64]短的、绒毛样的羽毛,成年的样品显示了前肢上有着硬的中心轴加拿大埃德蒙頓地區马蹄峡谷组(Horseshoe Canyon Formation)晚白堊紀馬斯垂克階 Maastrichtian
42王氏寧遠龍 Ningyuansaurus wangiXingcheng Confucisornis
Museum specimen
2012[65]全身絨羽印痕中国辽西义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階 Aptian
43短羽始中国羽龍 Eosinopteryx brevipennaYFGP-T51972013[66]前肢有长飞羽,全身覆盖丝状絨羽印痕中国辽宁建昌县髫髻山組中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian
44徐氏曙光鳥 Aurornis xuiYFGP-T51982013[67]沿着尾巴基部三分之一,胸部和颈部具有羽毛痕迹中国辽宁建昌县髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation)中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian
45义县建昌龙 Jianchangosaurus yixianensis41HIII-0308A2013[68]颈部具有丝状羽毛痕迹中国辽宁建昌义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
46* 乌克莱斯克库林达羽龙 Kulindapteryx ukureicaPIN,no.5435/1a
PIN 5435/56
PIN 5435/61
2014[69][70]前肢有鳞片鬃毛印痕俄罗斯乌克莱卡组(Ukureiskiy Formation)中-晚侏羅紀巴柔-提通阶 Bajocian-Trthonian
47* 奥洛夫达乌尔龙 Daurosaurus olovusPIN 5435/572014[69] [70]后肢,前肢有鳞片鬃毛印痕俄罗斯乌克莱卡组(Ukureiskiy Formation)中-晚侏羅紀巴柔-提通阶 Bajocian-Trthonian
48杨氏长羽盗龙 Changyuraptor yangiHG B0162014[71]全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
49* 萨白卡尔库林达奔龙 Kulindadromeus zabaikalicusINREC K4/22
INREC K4/33
INREC K4/44
INREC K4/115
INREC K4/116
INREC K4/150
2014[72][73]后肢有簇状羽毛印痕,躯干和颈部均有羽毛印痕覆盖俄罗斯乌克莱卡组(Ukureiskiy Formation)中-晚侏羅紀巴柔-提通阶 Bajocian-Trthonian"Kulindosaurus"
"Kulindodromeus"
50奧氏葬火龍 Citipati osmolskaeMPC-D 100/9782014[31]尾綜骨蒙古納摩蓋吐組(Nemegt Formation)晚白垩紀馬斯垂克階早期 Early Maastrichtian
51纖弱竊螺龍 Conchoraptor gracilisMPC-D 100/12752014[31]尾綜骨蒙古納摩蓋吐組(Nemegt Formation)晚白垩紀馬斯垂克階早期 Early Maastrichtian
52奇異恐手龍 Deinocheirus mirificusMPC-D 100/1282014[74]尾綜骨蒙古納摩蓋吐組(Nemegt Formation)晚白垩紀馬斯垂克階早期 Early Maastrichtian
53奇翼龍 Yi qiSTM 31-22015[75]全身毛羽印痕,前肢有翼膜印痕中国河北青龍縣髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation)中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian
54孙氏振元龍 Zhenyuanlong suniJPM-00082015[76]前肢和尾部有大型羽毛印痕,翅膀很大中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
55斯氏达科他盗龍 Dakotaraptor steiniPBMNH.P.10.113.T2015[77]尺骨上有羽莖瘤美国南达科他州地狱溪组(Hell Creek Formation)晚白堊紀馬斯垂克階 Upper Maastrichtian
56有羽迷惑盜龍 Apatoraptor pennatusTMP 1993.051.00012016[78]尺骨上有羽莖瘤加拿大阿尔伯塔省马蹄峡谷组(Horseshoe Canyon Formation)晚白堊紀坎帕階 Campanian-age
57滕氏嘉年华龍 Jianianhualong tengiDLXH 12182017[79][80]尾部有不对称羽毛印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixxian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
58孙氏丝鸟龍 Serikornis sungeiPMOL-AB002002017[81]具有羽毛痕迹中国辽宁髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation)中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian‘Silkie’(YFGP-T5201)
59厚足奥斯特羅姆龍 Ostromia crassipesTM 6928/6929
(Haarlem specimen;
Teyler specimen; 4th)
SNSB-BSPG 1971 I 211
2017[82]具有羽毛痕迹德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation)晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian始祖鸟第4件哈勒姆標本
60巨嵴彩虹龍 Caihong jujiPMoL-B001752018[83]具有羽毛痕迹中国辽宁髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation)中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian
61艾氏始祖鳥 Archaeopteryx albersdoerferiSNSB BSPG VN-2010/1
(Daiting 8th)
2018[84]具有羽毛印痕德國默尔恩斯海姆组(Mörnsheim Formation)晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian始祖鸟第8件代廷標本
62干戚刑天龍 Xingtianosaurus ganqiIVPP V133902019[85]具有羽毛印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Aptian, Early Cretaceous
63长臂浑元龍 Ambopteryx longibrachiumIVPP V241922019[86]全身毛羽印痕,前肢有翼膜印痕中国辽宁海房沟組(Haifanggou Formation)中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian
64普氏阿尔特穆尔鳥 Alcmonavis poeschli
SNSB-BSPG 2017 I 133
(Mühlheim 13th)
2019[87]翅膀德國默尔恩斯海姆组(Mörnsheim Formation)晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian始祖鸟第13件米尔海姆標本
65渤海舞龙 Wulong bohaiensisDNHM D29332020[88]四肢具有羽毛印痕,尾部有2条长尾羽中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Aptian, Early Cretaceous
66纤瘦纤手龙 Chirostenotes pergracilisUALVP 594002020[89]尾综骨加拿大阿尔伯塔省恐龙公园组(Dinosaur Park Formation)晚白堊紀坎帕階 Campanian-age
67西南纳瓦霍战龍 Dineobellator notohesperusSMP VP-24302020[90]前臂尺骨上有6个羽莖瘤美国新墨西哥奥乔阿拉莫组( Ojo Alamo Formation)晚白垩紀马斯特里赫特期 Maastrichtian
68長鬃矛神龍 Ubirajara jubatusSMNK PAL 292412020[91]沿尾部和背部排列的鬃毛状原羽及肩部从体侧突出的15厘米长的丝带状外皮结构巴西塞阿拉州克拉圖組(Crato Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階 Aptian, Early Cretaceous為克拉圖組發現的第一個非鳥類恐龍

未定种、未正式命名或描述的标本

标本号可能的屬、種图示发现羽毛时间羽毛证据发现地点地层年代备注
1AC 1/7双脊龙科相似种 cf. Dilophosauridae ?1997[92][93]异足龙足迹 Anomoepus,可能是一个兽脚类恐龙的休息迹,包括足印和跗骨印记,在足迹后方有一个耻骨印记。印迹上有类似毛发的一些印痕,这些毛发应该位于这只动物的大腿和腹部美国南哈德利(South Hadley)康涅狄格河谷早侏罗纪
2GMV 2124疑似中華龍鳥未定种 Sinosauropteryx? sp.1997[94][95][96]全身絲狀結構羽毛印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
3IVPP V12430尾羽龍未定种 Caudipteryx sp.2000[17]前肢尾巴对称羽毛印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixtan Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
4NGMC 91(“Dave”)小盜龍亞科未定种 Microraptorinae2001[97]全身絲狀羽毛印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
5fossil skin
Alan Detrich lab
?霸王龍 Tyrannosaurus rex2001[98]皮肤化石,无鳞片,有类似鸡皮疙瘩的突起,推测长有羽毛北美洲晚白垩纪晚馬斯垂克階 Late Maastrichtian
6SMF R 4970*鸚鵡嘴龍未定种 Psittacosaurus sp.
2002[99]尾巴管狀刺毛印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
7NGMC 00-12-A中國鳥龍未定种 Sinornithosaurus sp.2002[100]全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
8Wenya Museum
DNO: 087
未知小盗龙类 Microraptoria2002[101]全身羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
9IVPP V13351
IVPP V13476
TNP00996
小盜龍未定种 Microraptor sp.2003[102]全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
10IVPP V13477馳龍科未定种 Dromaeosauridae gen. et sp.2003[102]全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
11IVPP V11579帝龍未定种 Dilong sp.2004[39]颈部尾巴丝状结构印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀凡蓝今階晚期豪特里维階 Late Valanginian-Hauterivian
12WDC-CSG-100,10th始祖鳥未定种 Archaeopteryx sp.2005[103]前肢尾巴羽毛印痕德國索倫霍芬石灰岩(Solnhofen)晚侏羅紀早提通阶 Early Tithonian瑟马普利斯標本 Thermopolis specimen
13伤齿龙类? Troodontid2006[104]全身羽毛印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Aptian
14BHI #126717 “LANE”?*三角龍未定种 Triceratops sp.2008[105][106]皮肤化石,背部尾部有突起痕迹,类似管狀刺毛北美洲晚白垩纪晚馬斯垂克階 Late Maastrichtian
15STM1-1華夏頜龍 Huaxiagnathus2009[107][108]全身絲狀結構羽毛印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
16STM1-4暴龍类? Tyrannosauroid2009[107][108]颈部尾巴丝状结构印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
17STM1-5暴龍类 Tyrannosauroid2010[109]颈部尾巴丝状结构印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
18fossil skin,
University of Chicago
Paul Sereno lab
?霸王龍 Tyrannosaurus rex2012[110]皮肤化石,无鳞片痕迹,推测长有羽毛北美洲晚白垩纪晚馬斯垂克階 Late Maastrichtian
19TMP 2007.20.4?埃德蒙顿似鳥龍 Ornithomimus edmontonicus鸸鹋龙未定相似种 D. sp. indet.2012[64]疑似羽茎瘤加拿大埃德蒙頓地區晚白堊紀馬斯垂克階 Maastrichtian
20PVSJ 512?月亮谷始盗龙 Eoraptor lunensis2013[111]3-5节脊椎上有杂乱的丝状疑似毛发痕迹阿根廷伊斯巨拉斯托组(Ischigualasto Formation)晚三叠紀早卡尼階 Early Carnian
2111th始祖鳥未定种 Archaeopteryx sp.
2014[112]前肢尾巴羽毛印痕德國索倫霍芬石灰岩(Solnhofen)晚侏羅紀早提通阶 Early Tithonian奥特姆尔標本 Altmühl specimen
22PIN,nos.5435/13
5435/14
5435/23a.b
5435/47
5435/48
5435/59a.b
* 棱齿龙属种未定 Hypsilophodontia indet.2014[69] [70]鳞片鬃毛印痕俄罗斯乌克莱卡组(Ukureiskiy Formation)中-晚侏羅紀巴柔-提通阶 Bajocian-Trthonian
23PMOL-AD00113似尾羽龍未定种 Similicaudipteryx sp.2014[113]尾综骨中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufuotannd Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
24YFGP-T5200基干鳥翼類 basalmost Avialae2014[114]具有羽毛痕迹中国辽宁髫髻山組中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian
25PMOL-AD00055小盜龍亞科未定种 Microraptorinae2015[115]具有羽毛痕迹中国辽宁建昌九佛堂组早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
26UALVP 52531似鳥龍未定种 Ornithomimus sp.2015[116]背部、腹侧、股骨远端、尾部上面有较短羽毛的印痕加拿大阿尔伯塔省恐龙公园組(Dinosaur Park Formation)上白垩统上坎潘阶 Upper Campanian可能被归为塞氏似鸸鹋龙 Dromiceiomimus samueli
27IVPP V13476小盜龍亞科 Microraptorinae2016[117]尾部,下肢絲狀羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂组(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
28DIP-V-15103 “Eva”手盜龍類 Maniraptora2016[118]琥珀中的有羽毛尾部缅甸北部克钦邦胡康河谷组(Hukawng Valley Formation)中白垩统诺曼森阶 Albian-Cenomanian
29STM-0-9、STM-0-114
STM-0-118、STM-0-125
STM-0-127、STM-0-132
STM-0-133、STM-0-144
STM-0-147
近鳥龍 Anchiornis2017[119]头部、颈部、身体、大腿及尾巴都覆盖着絨羽印痕,四肢有对称飞羽印痕中国辽宁建昌县髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation)中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian
3012th始祖鳥 未定种 Archaeopteryx sp.2018[120]前肢尾巴羽毛印痕德國派恩滕组(Painten Formation)晚侏羅紀提通阶 Early Tithonian施哈普滕標本 Schamhaupten specimen

備註

某些鳥臀目恐龍(鸚鵡嘴龍天宇龍庫林達奔龍)與翼龍目的毛,與獸腳類恐龍的原始羽毛,可能是同源演化的結果,也有可能不是。[121][122]三角龍可能有獨特的皮膚結構。根據一個目前還沒有經過敘述的標本顯示,三角龍的身體可能覆蓋者類似鬃毛的結構,在这具化石的腹部鳞片类似于鳄鱼腹部的带状鳞片,背部和尾部皮肤上有一些拳头大的突起,中心部位有乳突状的结构,该结构类似于固定豪猪类的刚毛的结构,比较相似更原始的鸚鵡嘴龍的尾部毛状结构[105][106]。駝背昆卡獵龍的前肢有像羽莖瘤的結構,這是其他有羽毛恐龍也有的結構,羽莖瘤的結構簡單及空心,就像虛骨龍類及一些鳥臀目,如天宇龍鸚鵡嘴龍[123]


有一些物种有大量的有羽毛印痕的化石发现,许多化石还没有经过整理描述,在中国有许多博物馆及私人收藏家收藏有大量的此类化石,其中位于中国山东平邑县的天宇自然博物馆就收藏有有羽毛印痕的驰龙类标本400件左右,近鸟龙标本250件左右,热河鸟类100件左右。[108]


在一些最新的研究中认为,始祖鸟并不是鸟类,而是一种小型兽脚类恐龙。有一些研究指所有的始祖鸟標本都是屬於同一物種。[124]但是標本之間亦存在明顯的分別。就如慕尼黑、愛希施特、索倫霍芬及瑟馬普利斯標本就較倫敦、柏林及哈勒姆標本小或是更大型,有著不同的腳趾比例、更細長的鼻端、向前的牙齒排列及可能存在的胸骨。這些差別就像(或更大)現今不同種鳥類之間的差別。可是這些差別亦可以不同年齡作為解釋。2017年的一项研究认为第四件标本哈勒姆標本是一种近鸟类,并重新命名。2019年研究者将一件2017年发现第十三件前肢标本鉴定为鳥翼類新种。

  • 印石板始祖鸟Archaeopteryx lithographica 羽毛標本(HMN.Ab.100; BSP coll.) 后来作为所有标本的命名,馬克斯柏格標本(Opitsch coll.; Maxberg specimen; 3rd)、鸡翅標本(Burgermeister-Muller Museum coll.; chicken wing; 9th)
  • 大尾始祖鸟 Archaeopteryx macrura 伦敦標本(BMNH 37001; London specimen;1st)
  • 西门子古鸟 Archaeornis siemensii = 西门子始祖鸟Archaeopteryx siemensii 柏林標本(HMN MB. 1880/81; Berlin specimen; 2nd)
  • 反曲侏鸟 Jurapteryx recurva = 反曲始祖鸟Archaeopteryx recurva 爱希施泰特標本(JM SoS 2257; Eichstatt specimen; 5th)
  • 伟大乌禾尔龙 Wellnhoferia grandis 索伦霍芬標本(Burgermeister Muller Museum coll.; Solnhofen specimen; 6th)
  • 巴伐利亚始祖鸟 Archaeopteryx bavarica 慕尼黑標本(前称索伦霍芬AV標本)(BSP 1999 I 50; Munich specimen; Solnhofen-Aktien-Verein specimen; 7th)
  • 厚足奥斯特羅姆龍 Ostromia crassipes 哈勒姆標本(又稱泰勒斯標本)(TM 6928/29; Haarlem specimen; Teyler specimen; 4th)
  • 艾氏始祖鳥 Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi 代廷標本(private coll.; Daiting specimen; 8th),相对于其他标本处于较新的地层
  • 普氏阿尔特穆尔鳥 Alcmonavis poeschli 米尔海姆標本(Mühlheim specimen; 13th)
  • 始祖鸟未定种 Archaeopteryx sp. 瑟马普利斯標本(WDC-CSG-100; Thermopolis specimen; 10th)、奥特姆尔標本(Altmühl specimen; 11th)、施哈普滕標本(Schamhaupten specimen; 12th)

初鸟类

有几种有羽毛的初鸟类一般在一些讨论中被列为鸟类,但在另外一些讨论中也被列为恐龙

图示标本号发现羽毛时间羽毛证据发现地点地层年代备注
1原始熱河鳥 Jeholornis primaIVPP V13274
IVPP V13353
IVPP V13350
2002[125]全身絨羽羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
2中華神州鳥 Shenzhouraptor sinensis
LPM 01932002[126]全身絨羽羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
3東方吉祥鳥 Jixiangornis orientalis
CDPC-02-04-0012002[127]全身絨羽羽毛印痕中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation)早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian
4粗颌大连鳥 Dalianraptor cuheD21392005[128]全身絨羽羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
5棕尾熱河鳥 Jeholornis palmapenisSDM 20090109.1/22011[129]全身絨羽印痕尾巴羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
6熱河鳥未定种 Jeholornis sp.STM2-18、STM2-8
STM2-11、STM2-23
STM2-37、STM3-3
STM3-4、STM3-30
STM2-51
2013[130][131]全身絨羽印痕尾巴羽毛印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組 (Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
7曲足熱河鳥 Jeholornis curvipesYFGP-yb22014[132]全身羽毛印痕尾羽印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
8原始福井鳥 Fukuipteryx primaFPDM-V-97692019[133]尾綜骨日本福井北谷層(Kitadani Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
9長尾优雅鳥 Kompsornis longicaudusAGB-69972020[134]全身羽毛印痕尾羽印痕中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation)早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian
  • 热河鸟、神州鸟、吉祥鸟、优雅鸟、大连鸟可以归为热河鸟形类(Jeholornithiformes),这些物种的形态比较接近,大小与形态同金凤鸟中国鸟龙小盗龙耀龙近鸟龙也比较接近,热河鸟与神州鸟被认为是同一物种,也有人认为吉祥鸟也是同一物种,但是认同的不多,也有人认为大连鸟也是一种热河鸟。

单独发现的羽毛化石

图示标本号发现时间发现地点地层年代备注
1印石板始祖鳥 Archaeopteryx lithographica
HMN.Ab.1001861[135]德国下松霍芬砂岩(Upper Solnhofen Lithographic Limestone)晚侏羅世提通期早期
2薩雷苏白堊小鳥 Cretaaviculus sarysuensis羽毛标本1969[136]哈萨克斯坦博斯托贝组(Bostobe Formation)晚白堊世桑托期
3沙氏前鳥 Praeornis sharoviPIN 2585/32
ZPAL V 32/967
1978[137][138]哈萨克斯坦巴拉班赛组(Balabansai Formation)侏羅紀中晚期, 卡洛夫期-啟莫里期
4維氏萊里達羽鳥 Ilerdopteryx viaiLP-715 IEI
LP-1327 IEI
LP IEI coll.
seven body feathers
1985[139]西班牙La Pedrera de Rubies Lithographic Limestones Formation早白堊世,貝里亞期-巴列姆期

參考資料

  1. von Meyer, H. (1861). Archaeopteryx litographica (Vogel-Feder) und Pterodactylus von Solenhofen. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde. 1861: 678–679, plate V [Article in German] Fulltext at Google Books.
  2. Holtz, Thomas, Jr. . Journal of Dinosaur Paleontology. 1995 [2007-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2007-02-09).
  3. Xing Xu, Hailu You, Kai Du and Fenglu Han. . Nature. 28 July 2011, 475 (7357): 465–470. PMID 21796204. doi:10.1038/nature10288.
  4. Dames, 1897. Über Brustbein, Schulter- und Beckengürtel der Archaeopteryx. Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 1897, 818-834.
  5. Wellnhofer, 1974. Das fünfte Skelettexemplar von Archaeopteryx. Palaeontographica. 147, 169-216.
  6. Howgate 1985. Problems of the osteology of Archaeopteryx: is the Eichstätt specimen a distinct genus?. In Hecht, Ostrom, Viohl and Wellnhofer (eds). The beginnings of birds. Proceedings of the International Archaeopteryx Conference, Eichstätt, 1984. Eichstätt: Freunde des Jura-Museums Eichstätt. 105-112.
  7. (俄文)Kurzanov, S.M. (1987). "Avimimidae and the problem of the origin of birds." Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, 31: 5-92.
  8. Chiappe, L.M. and Witmer, L.M. (2002). Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs. Berkeley: University of California Press, 536 pp. ISBN 0-520-20094-2
  9. Xing Xu, Hailu You, Kai Du and Fenglu Han. . Nature. 28 July 2011, 475: 465–470. doi:10.1038/nature10288.
  10. Wellnhofer, P. . Science. 1988, 240 (4860): 1790–1792. Bibcode:1988Sci...240.1790W. doi:10.1126/science.240.4860.1790.
  11. Elzanowski, 2001. A new genus and species for the largest specimen of Archaeopteryx. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 46(4), 519-532.
  12. Wellnhofer1993. Das siebte Exemplar von Archaeopteryx aus den Solnhofener Schichten. Archaeopteryx. 11, 1-47.
  13. Ji, Q., and Ji, S. (1996). "On discovery of the earliest bird fossil in China and the origin of birds." Chinese Geology 10 (233): 30-33.
  14. Ji, Q., and Ji, S. (1997). "A Chinese archaeopterygian, Protarchaeopteryx gen. nov." Geological Science and Technology (Di Zhi Ke Ji), 238: 38-41. Translated By Will Downs Bilby Research Center Northern Arizona University January, 2001
  15. Briggs, Wilby, Perez-Moreno, Sanz and Fregenal-Matrinez, (1997). "The mineralization of dinosaur soft tissue in the Lower Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain." Journal of the Geological Society London, 154: 587-588.
  16. Ji, Q., Currie, P.J., Norell, M.A., and Ji, S. (PDF). Nature. 1998, 393 (6687): 753–761. doi:10.1038/31635. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-12-17).
  17. Zhou, Z.; Wang, X.; Zhang, F.; Xu, X. (PDF). Vertebrata Palasiatica. 2000, 38 (4): 241–254.
  18. Agnolin, F.L.; Novas, F.E. (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 2011, 83: 117–162 [2011-04-23]. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000100008.
  19. Forster, Catherine A.; Sampson, Scott D.; Chiappe, Luis M. & Krause, David W. . Science. 1998a, 279 (5358): 1915–1919. Bibcode:1998Sci...279.1915F. PMID 9506938. doi:10.1126/science.279.5358.1915. (HTML abstract)
  20. Schweitzer, Mary Higby, Watt, J.A., Avci, R., Knapp, L., Chiappe, L, Norell, Mark A., Marshall, M. (1999). "Beta-Keratin Specific Immunological reactivity in Feather-Like Structures of the Cretaceous Alvarezsaurid, Shuvuuia deserti Journal of Experimental Biology (Mol Dev Evol) 255:146-157
  21. Wu, Xiao-Chun; Xu, Xing; Wang, Xiao-Lin. Nature. 1999, 401 (6750): 262–266. Bibcode:1999Natur.401..262X. doi:10.1038/45769. 缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
  22. Xu. X., Zhao, X., Clark, J.M., 1999. A new therizinosaur from the Lower Jurassic lower Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21:3 477–483 doi 10.1671/0272-4634
  23. Xu X., Zheng X.-t. and You, H.-l. (2009). "A new feather type in a nonavian theropod and the early evolution of feathers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Philadelphia), 106(3): 832-834. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0810055106
  24. Zhou, Z., and Wang, X. (PDF). Vertebrata Palasiatica. 2000, 38 (2): 113–130. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-10-07).
  25. Xu, X., Zhou, Z., and Wang, X. (2000). "The smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur." Nature, 408 (December): 705-708. (PDF). [2008-12-17]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-12-17).
  26. Xu X(徐星)博士论文,辽西热河群的恐爪龙类化石及虚骨龙类的演化 ,DEINONYCHOSAURIAN FOSSILS FROM THE JEHOL GROUP OF WESTERN LIAONING AND THE COELUROSAURIAN EVOLUTION,p325
  27. Hwang, Norell, Qiang and Keqin, 2002. New specimens of Microraptor zhaoianus (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from northeastern China. American Museum Novitates. 3381, 1-44.
  28. Czerkas and Ji, 2002. A preliminary report on an omnivorous volant bird from Northeast China. in Czerkas (ed.). Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight. 127-135.
  29. A New Specimen of Microraptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Western Liaoning, China Rui Pei, Quanguo Li, Qingjin Meng, Ke-Qin Gao, and Mark A. Norell,American Museum Novitates Number 3821 :1-28. 2014
  30. Barsbold R., Osmólska H., Watabe M., Currie P.J., Tsogtbaatar K. (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2000, 45 (2): 97–106.
  31. W. Scott Persons, IV, Philip J. Currie, and Mark A. Norell. . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. in press. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0093.
  32. Czerkas, S.A., Zhang, D., Li, J., and Li, Y. . Czerkas, S.J. (编). . Blanding: The Dinosaur Museum. 2002: 16–26. 外部链接存在于|chapter=, |title= (帮助)
  33. Czerkas, S.A., and Yuan, C. (2002). "An arboreal maniraptoran from northeast China." Pp. 63-95 in Czerkas, S.J. (Ed.), Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight. The Dinosaur Museum Journal 1. The Dinosaur Museum, Blanding, U.S.A. PDF abridged version
  34. Zhang, F., Zhou, Z., Xu, X. & Wang, X. (2002). "A juvenile coelurosaurian theropod from China indicates arboreal habits." Naturwissenschaften, 89(9): 394-398. doi=10.1007 /s00114-002-0353-8.
  35. Xu, X., Zhou, Z., Wang, X., Kuang, X., Zhang, F. and Du, X. (2003). "Four-winged dinosaurs from China." Nature, 421(6921): 335-340, 23 Jan 2003.
  36. Alexander, Gong, Martin, Burnham and Falk, 2010. Model tests of gliding with different hindwing configurations in the four-winged dromaeosaurid Microraptor gui. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. DOI 10.1073/pnas.0911852107
  37. O'Connor, J., Zhou, Z., Xu, X. 2011 (in press). Additional specimen of Microraptor provides unique evidence of dinosaurs preying on birds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  38. Xu X., Wang X.-L. . Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 2003, 41 (3): 195–202.
  39. Xu, X., Norell, M. A., Kuang, X., Wang, X., Zhao, Q., Jia, C. . Nature. 2004, 431: 680–684. doi:10.1038/nature02855. 外部链接存在于|title= (帮助)
  40. Liu, J., Ji, S., Tang, F. & Gao, C. . Geological Bulletin of China. 2004, 23 (8): 778–783. (abstract 存檔,存档日期2007-09-28.)
  41. Hone D.W.E., Tischlinger H., Xu X., Zhang F. Farke, Andrew Allen , 编. . PLoS ONE. 2010, 5 (2): e9223. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9223H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009223.
  42. Xu, Xing; Zhang, Fucheng. . Naturwissenschaften. 2005, 92 (4): 173–177. Bibcode:2005NW.....92..173X. PMID 15685441. doi:10.1007/s00114-004-0604-y.
  43. Ji, Q., Ji, S., Lu, J., You, H., Chen, W., Liu, Y., and Liu, Y. (2005). "First avialan bird from China (Jinfengopteryx elegans gen. et sp. nov.)." Geological Bulletin of China, 24(3): 197-205.
  44. Turner, Alan H.; Pol, Diego; Clarke, Julia A.; Erickson, Gregory M.; and Norell, Mark. (pdf). Science. 2007, 317: 1378–1381. PMID 17823350. doi:10.1126/science.1144066.
  45. Goehlich U.B., Tischlinger H., Chiappe L.M. . Archaeopteryx. 2006, 24: 1–26.
  46. Chiappe, Luis M.; Göhlich, Ursula B. . Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 2010, 258 (3): 257–296. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0125.
  47. Ji, S., Ji, Q., Lu J., and Yuan, C. (2007). "A new giant compsognathid dinosaur with long filamentous integuments from Lower Cretaceous of Northeastern China." Acta Geologica Sinica, 81(1): 8-15.
  48. Lida Xing, Phil R. Bell, W. Scott Persons IV, Shuan Ji, Tetsuto Miyashita, Michael E. Burns, Qiang Ji, Philip J. Currie, 2012, "Abdominal Contents from Two Large Early Cretaceous Compsognathids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) Demonstrate Feeding on Confuciusornithids and Dromaeosaurids", PLoS ONE 7(8): e44012. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044012
  49. Turner, A.H.; Makovicky, P.J.; and Norell, M.A. (pdf). Science. 2007, 317 (5845): 1721. PMID 17885130. doi:10.1126/science.1145076.
  50. He T., Wang X.-L., Zhou Z.-H. . Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 2008, 46 (3): 178–189.
  51. Xu, Xing; Zheng, Xiaoting; You, Hailu. . Nature. 2010, 464 (7293): 1338–1341. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1338X. PMID 20428169. doi:10.1038/nature08965.
  52. Gao, Cunling, Chiappe, L.M., Meng, Q., O'connor, J.K., Wang, X., Cheng, X., Liu, J. (2008) "A New Basal Lineage Of Early Cretaceous Birds From China And Its Implications On The Evolution Of The Avian Tail." "Palaeontology" Vol. 51, Part 4, pp. 775-791. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00793.x
  53. Wu,J. "Recent advances in Chinese Mesozoic bird taxonomy and systematics,中国中生代鸟类分类及系统发育研究的新进展"中国古生物学会第26届学术年会论文摘要集, 210-211 (2011.10).
  54. Wu,J. "Reinterpretation of the Early Cretaceous maniraptoran (Dinosauria: Theropoda) Zhongornis haoae as a scansoriopterygid-like non-avian, and morphological resemblances between scansoriopterygids and basal oviraptorosaurs" (2014.01).
  55. Zhang, F., Zhou, Z., Xu, X., Wang, X., & Sullivan, C. (2008). "A bizarre Jurassic maniraptoran from China with elongate ribbon-like feathers." Available from Nature Precedings, doi:10.1038/npre.2008.2326.1 .
  56. Xu, X., Zhao, Q., Norell, M., Sullivan, C., Hone, D., Erickson, G., Wang, X., Han, F. and Guo, Y. (in press). "A new feathered maniraptoran dinosaur fossil that fills a morphological gap in avian origin." Chinese Science Bulletin, 6 pages, accepted November 15, 2008.
  57. Zheng, Xiao-Ting; You, Hai-Lu; Xu, Xing; Dong, Zhi-Ming. . Nature. 2009, 458 (7236): 333–336. Bibcode:2009Natur.458..333Z. PMID 19295609. doi:10.1038/nature07856.
  58. Sereno, Paul C. . ZooKeys. 2012, 226: 1–225. doi:10.3897/zookeys.226.2840. Lay summary The New York Times (October 3, 2012).
  59. Ortega, Francisco; Escaso, Fernando; Sanz, José L. . Nature. 2010, 467 (7312): 203–206. Bibcode:2010Natur.467..203O. PMID 20829793. doi:10.1038/nature09181.
  60. Jiang, T. "辽西近鸟龙新材料的发现及其意义,A New Discovery of Anchiornis from Western of Liaoning,China ." 中国成都理工大学硕士论文,2011.05.
  61. Xu, X., Wang, K., Zhang, K., Ma, Q., Xing, L., Sullivan, C., Hu, D., Cheng, S., and Wang, S. (2012). "A gigantic feathered dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China. 存檔,存档日期2012-04-17." Nature, 484: 92-95. doi:10.1038/nature10906
  62. En-Pu Gong, Larry D. Martin, David A. Burnham, Amanda R. Falk and Lian-Hai Hou. . Palaeoworld. 2012,. in press. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2012.05.003.
  63. Rauhut, O. W. M.; Foth, C.; Tischlinger, H.; Norell, M. A. (2012). "Exceptionally preserved juvenile megalosauroid theropod dinosaur with filamentous integument from the Late Jurassic of Germany". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1203238109
  64. Darla K. Zelenitsky, François Therrien, Gregory M. Erickson, Christopher L. DeBuhr, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, David A. Eberth and Frank Hadfield. . Science. 2012, 338 (6106): 510–514. doi:10.1126/science.1225376.
  65. Ji Qiang, Lü Jun-Chang, Wei Xue-Fang, Wang Xu-Ri. . Regional Geology of China. 2012, (12): 2102–2107.
  66. Pascal Godefroit, Helena Demuynck, Gareth Dyke, Dongyu Hu, François Escuillié and Philippe Claeys. . Nature Communications. 2013, 4: Article number 1394. doi:10.1038/ncomms2389.
  67. Pascal Godefroit, Andrea Cau, Hu Dong-Yu, François Escuillié, Wu Wenhao and Gareth Dyke. . Nature. 2013,. in press. doi:10.1038/nature12168.
  68. Hanyong Pu, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, Junchang Lü, Li Xu, Yanhua Wu, Huali Chang, Jiming Zhang, Songhai Jia. . PLOS ONE. 2013, 8 (5): Article number e63423. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063423.
  69. V.R. Alifanov & S.V. Saveliev, 2014, "Two new ornithischian dinosaurs (Hypsilophodontia, Ornithopoda) from the Late Jurassic of Russia", Paleontological Journal 2014:4: 72-82
  70. V.R. Alifanov, S.V. Savelev, E.Y. Tereschenko, V.V. Artemov & A. Yu Seregin, 2014, "Integument Structure in Ornithischian Dinosaurs (Hypsilophodontia, Ornithopoda) from the Late Jurassic of Transbaikalia", Paleontological Journal :2014:5': 72-80
  71. Gang Han, Luis M. Chiappe,Shu-An Ji, Michael Habib,Alan H. Turner, Anusuya Chinsamy, Xueling Liu, Lizhuo Han. . Nature Communications. 2014, 5: Article number 4382. doi:10.1038/ncomms5382.
  72. Godefroit, P., Sinitsa, S., Dhouailly, D., Bolotsky, Y., and Sizov, A. "Feather-like structures and scales in a Jurassic neornithischian dinosaur from Siberia." Program and Abstracts of the 73rd Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 存檔,存档日期2013-10-19., October 2013.
  73. Pascal Godefroit, Sofia M. Sinitsa, Danielle Dhouailly, Yuri L. Bolotsky, Alexander V. Sizov, Maria E. McNamara, Michael J. Benton & Paul Spagna, 2014, "A Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur from Siberia with both feathers and scales", Science 345(6195): 451-455
  74. Lee, Yuong-Nam; Barsbold, Rinchen; Currie, Philip J.; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Lee, Hang-Jae; Godefroit, Pascal; Escuillié, François; Chinzorig, Tsogtbaatar. . Nature. 2014 [22 October 2014] [23 October 2014]. doi:10.1038/nature13874.
  75. Xing Xu, Xiaoting Zheng, Corwin Sullivan, Xiaoli Wang, Lida Xing, Yan Wang, Xiaomei Zhang, Jingmai K. O’Connor, Fucheng Zhang, Yanhong Pan. . Nature. 2015/05, 521 (7550): 70–73 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/nature14423 (英语).
  76. Junchang Lü and Stephen L. Brusatte. . Scientific Reports. 2015, 5: Article number 11775. doi:10.1038/srep11775.
  77. DePalma, Robert A.; Burnham, David A.; Martin, Larry D.; Larson, Peter L.; Bakker, Robert T. . Paleontological Contributions. 2015, (14).
  78. Gregory F. Funston and Philip J. Currie. . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2016,. Online edition: e1160910. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1160910.
  79. Xing Xu; Philip Currie; Michael Pittman; Lida Xing; Qingjin Meng; Junchang Lü; Dongyu Hu; Congyu Yu. . Nature Communications. 2017, 8: Article number 14972. doi:10.1038/ncomms14972.
  80. . 2017-05-02 [2017-05-03].
  81. Ulysse Lefèvre; Andrea Cau; Aude Cincotta; Dongyu Hu; Anusuya Chinsamy; François Escuillié; Pascal Godefroit. . The Science of Nature. 2017, 104: Article number 74. doi:10.1007/s00114-017-1496-y.
  82. Foth, C.; Rauhut, O.W.M. . BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2017, 17: 236. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1076-y.
  83. Dongyu Hu; Julia A. Clarke; Chad M. Eliason; Rui Qiu; Quanguo Li; Matthew D. Shawkey; Cuilin Zhao; Liliana D’Alba; Jinkai Jiang; Xing Xu. . Nature Communications. 2018, 9: Article number 217. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02515-y.
  84. Martin Kundrát, John Nudds, Benjamin P. Kear, Junchang Lü & Per Ahlberg (2018) "The first specimen of Archaeopteryx from the Upper Jurassic Mörnsheim Formation of Germany", Historical Biology, 31:1, 3-63. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1518443.
  85. Rui Qiu; Xiaolin Wang; Qiang Wang; Ning Li; Jialiang Zhang; Yiyun Ma. . Scientific Reports. 2019, 9: Article number 6431. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42547-6.
  86. Wang, Min; O’Connor, Jingmai K.; Xu, Xing; Zhou, Zhonghe. . Nature. 8 May 2019, 569: 256–259. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1137-z.
  87. Oliver W.M. Rauhut; Helmut Tischlinger; Christian Foth. . eLife. 2019, 8: e43789. PMID 31084702. doi:10.7554/eLife.43789.
  88. Poust, Ashley W.; Gao, Chunling; Varricchio, David J.; Wu, Jianlin; Fengjiao, Zhang. . The Anatomical Record. 2020. doi:10.1002/ar.24343.
  89. Funston, G. F.; Currie, P. J. . Historical Biology. 2020,. advance online publication: 1–15. doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1726908.
  90. Jasinski, Steven E.; Sullivan, Robert M.; Dodson, Peter. . Scientific Reports. 2020, 10: Article number 5105. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61480-7. 已忽略未知参数|doi-access= (帮助)
  91. Smyth, Robert S.H.; Martill, David M.; Frey, Eberhard; Rivera-Silva, Hector E.; Lenz, Norbert. . Cretaceous Research. December 2020. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104686 (英语).
  92. Gierliński, Gerard. . Przegląd Geologiczny. 1997, 45: 419–422.
  93. Martin, A. J. & Rainforth, E. C. . Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs. 2004, 36: 96.
  94. Ji, Q.; and Ji, S. . Chinese Geology. 1997, 7: 30–32.
  95. Ji, S.; Gao, C.; Liu, J.; Meng, Q.; and Ji, Q. . Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 2007, 81 (2): 177–182.
  96. Gishlick, A.D.; and Gauthier, J.A. . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2007, 149: 569–581. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00269.x.
  97. Ji, Qiang; Norell, Mark A.; Gao, Ke-Qin; Ji, Shu-An; Ren, Dong. . Nature. 2001, 410 (6832): 1084–1087. Bibcode:2001Natur.410.1084J. PMID 11323669. doi:10.1038/35074079.
  98. . [2014-10-19]. (原始内容存档于2014-02-23).. [2014-10-19]. (原始内容存档于2001-11-14).
  99. Mayr, Gerald; Peters, Stefan; Plodowski, Gerhard; Vogel, Olaf. . Naturwissenschaften. 2002, 89 (8): 361–365. Bibcode:2002NW.....89..361M. PMID 12435037. doi:10.1007/s00114-002-0339-6.
  100. Ji, 2002. 博士论文,辽宁西部早白垩世奔龙类化石新材料——兼论羽毛的起源,New data of Early Cretaceous dromaeosaurs from Western Liaoning with comments on the origin of feathers. Unpublished Thesis. 94 pp.
  101. http://dml.cmnh.org/2002Dec/msg00303.html
  102. Xu, X., Zhou, Z., Wang, X., Kuang, X., Zhang, F. and Du, X. (2003). "Four-winged dinosaurs from China." Nature, 421(6921): 335-340, 23 Jan 2003.
  103. "Mayr, Pohl and Peters, 2005. A well-preserved Archaeopteryx specimen with theropod features. Science. 310, 1483-1486.
  104. Xu, Xu; Norell, M. . Geological Journal. 2006, 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044.
  105. http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=353&send_isJS=Y&send_browser=YYY%7CSafari%7C535.3%7CWin32%7CY%7C1440%7C900
  106. http://listverse.com/2011/02/22/top-10-dinosaurs-that-arent-what-they-were/
  107. Hwang, S. H., Norrell, M. A., Qiang, J., Keqin, et. G.. A large compsognathid from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2004, 2 (1): 13-30.
  108. 鸟类起源,2009,郑晓廷,山东科学技术出版社
  109. Xu, X., Zheng, X. & You, H. "Exceptional dinosaur fossils show ontogenetic development of early feathers" Nature 464, 1338-1341 (29 April 2010) ).
  110. http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2012/04/04/yutyrannus-a-giant-tyrannosaur-with-feathers/
  111. Paul C. Sereno, Ricardo N. Martínez & Oscar A. Alcober (2013) Osteology of Eoraptor lunensis (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). Basal sauropodomorphs and the vertebrate fossil record of the Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic: Carnian-Norian) of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 12: 83-179 DOI:10.1080/02724634.2013.820113
  112. "New specimen of Archaeopteryx provides insights into the evolution of pennaceous feathers", Nature 511 (7507), July 3, 2014
  113. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10166-1014232873.htm 沈阳师范大学,2014年,刘东旭硕士,毕业论文《辽西早白垩世似尾羽龙新材料的研究》
  114. SVP 74th Annual Meeting Summary, NEW BASAL AVIALAE FROM THE JURASSIC OF CHINA LEFEVRE, P167
  115. Abstact Volume, The 28th Annual Conference of the Palaeontological Society of China, Shenyang, August, 2015
  116. Aaron J. van der Reest, , Alexander P. Wolfe, Philip J. Currie (2015) A densely feathered ornithomimid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada. Cretaceous Research, Volume 58, March 2016, Pages 108–117, dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.004
  117. XU Xing, LI Feng (2016) 小盗龙亚科(兽脚亚目:驰龙科)一新标本及简评复合骨在兽脚亚目中的演化,A new microraptorine specimen (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) with a brief comment on the evolution of compound bones in theropods,徐 星,李 峰,古脊椎动物学报,第54卷,第4期,http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/201605/t20160531_4613849.html
  118. Lida Xing; Ryan C. McKellar; Xing Xu; Gang Li; Ming Bai; W. Scott Persons IV; Tetsuto Miyashita; Michael J. Benton; Jianping Zhang; Alexander P. Wolfe; Qiru Yi; Kuowei Tseng; Hao Ran; Philip J. Currie. . Current Biology. 2016, 26 (24): 3352–3360. PMID 27939315. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.008.
  119. Xiaoli Wang, Michael Pittman, Xiaoting Zheng, Thomas G. Kaye, Amanda R. Falk, Scott A. Hartman & Xing Xu (2017) Basal paravian functional anatomy illuminated by high-detail body outline, Nature Communications 8, Article number: 14576 (2017),doi:10.1038/ncomms14576
  120. Oliver W.M. Rauhut, Christian Foth & Helmut Tischlinger, 2018, "The oldest Archaeopteryx (Theropoda: Avialiae): a new specimen from the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary of Schamhaupten, Bavaria", PeerJ 6: e4191
  121. Zheng, X.-T., You, H.-L., Xu, X. and Dong, Z.-M. (2009). "An Early Cretaceous heterodontosaurid dinosaur with filamentous integumentary structures." Nature, 458(19): 333-336. doi:10.1038/nature07856
  122. Czerkas, S.A., and Ji, Q. (2002). "A new rhamphorhynchoid with a headcrest and complex integumentary structures." Pp. 15-41 in: Czerkas, S.J. (Ed.). Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight. Blanding, Utah: The Dinosaur Museum. ISBN 1-932075-01-1.
  123. Ortega F., Escaso, F. and Sanz, J.L. . Nature. 2010, (467): 203–6. doi:10.1038/nature09181.
  124. Archaeopteryx turns out to be singular bird of a feather. New Scientist 2443:17. 17 April 2004. 註釋.
  125. Zhou Z.-H. & Zhang F.-C. . Nature. 2002, 418: 405–409.
  126. Ji, Q.; Ji, S.; You, H.; Zhang, J.; Yuan, C.; Ji, X.; Li, J. & Li, Y. (PDF). Geol. Bull. Chin. 2002, 21 (7): 363–369.
  127. Ji, Q.; Ji, S.; Zhang, H.; You, H.; Zhang, J.; Wang, L.; Yuan, C. & Ji, X. . Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences). 2002, 38 (6): 723–736.
  128. Chiappe, Luis M.; Dyke, Gareth J. . Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 2006, 22 (1): 133–151.
  129. Jingmai K. O'Connor, Chengkai Sun, Xing Xu, Xiaolin Wang & Zhonghe Zhou. . Historical Biology. 2011. doi:10.1080/08912963.2011.552720.
  130. O'Connor J, Wang X, Sullivan C, Zheng X, Tubaro P, Zhang X, Zhou Z. . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Oct 22;110(43):17404-8. 2013. doi:10.1073/pnas.1316979110.
  131. Jingmai K. O’Connor, Wang Min, Zheng Xiaoting, Wang Xiaoli, Zhou Zhonghe. . Vertebrata PalAsiatica. volume:52. 2014.
  132. Ulysse Lefèvre, Dongyu Hu, François Escuillié5, Gareth Dyke and Pascal Godefroit. . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 113, Issue 3, pages 790–804, November 2014. 2014. doi:10.1111/bij.12343.
  133. Imai, T., Azuma, Y., Kawabe, S., Shibata, M., Miyata, K., Wang, M., & Zhou, Z. (2019). An unusual bird (Theropoda, Avialae) from the Early Cretaceous of Japan suggests complex evolutionary history of basal birds. Communications Biology, 2(1). doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0639-4
  134. Xuri Wang; Jiandong Huang; Martin Kundrát; Andrea Cau; Xiaoyu Liu; Yang Wang; Shubin Ju. . Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2020,. in press: Article 104401. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104401.
  135. von Meyer, H. (1861). Archaeopteryx litographica (Vogel-Feder) und Pterodactylus von Solenhofen. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde. 1861: 678–679, plate V [Article in German] Fulltext at Google Books.
  136. On the record of a bird remain living in the Cretaceous in the USSR. Tezisy Dokladov XV Sessii Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva. 5-6.
  137. References- Rautian, 1978. Unikal'noye pero ptitsy iz otlozheniy yurskogo ozera v khrebte Karatau. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal. 4, 106-114.
  138. Jerzy Dzik; Tomasz Sulej; Grzegorz Nied wiedz, Possible link connecting reptilian scales with avian feathers from the early Late Jurassic of Kazakstan. Historical Biology, Volume 22, Issue 4 December 2010 , pages 394 - 402.
  139. References- Lacasa-Ruiz, 1985. Nota sobre las plumas fosiles del yacimiento eocretacico de 'La Pedrera-La Cabrua' en la sierra del Montsec. (Prov. Lleida, Espana). Ilerda. 46, 227-238.

相關條目

外部連結

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.