杓兰属

杓兰属（学名：Cypripedium）是兰科的一属，是一类地生草本植物。茎直立，叶片通常椭圆形至卵形，有时有黑紫色斑点。花序顶生，通常具单花或少数具2-3花；花苞片通常叶状；花朵较大；唇瓣为深囊状，球形、椭圆形或其他形状，一般有宽阔的囊口；有2枚侧生的能育雄蕊、1枚位于上方的退化雄蕊和1个位于下方的柱头；花药2室，花丝很短；退化雄蕊通常为扁平状；柱头肥厚，表面有乳突。果实为蒴果。全属约50种，主要产于东亚、北美、欧洲等温带地区和亚热带山地。大部分可作观赏植物[1]。

杓兰属
皇后杓兰
（Cypripedium reginae）
科学分类
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 单子叶植物 Monocots
目： 天門冬目 Asparagales
科： 蘭科 Orchidaceae
亚科： 杓兰亚科 Cypripedioideae
族： 杓兰族 Cypripedieae
亚族： 杓兰亚族 Cypripediinae
属： 杓兰属 Cypripedium
L.，1753
模式种
杓兰 Cypripedium calceolus
L., 1753
異名
  • Arietinum Beck
  • Calceolaria Heist. ex Fabr.不要与Calceolaria（蒲包花属）混淆 L.
  • Calceolus Mill.
  • Ciripedium Zumagl.
  • Criogenes Salisb.
  • Criosanthes Raf.
  • Cypripedilon St.-Lag. in A.Cariot
  • Fissipes Small
  • Hypodema Rchb.
  • Sacodon Raf.
  • Schizopedium Salisb.

種
Cypripedium calceolus
Cypripedium reginae
  1. Cypripedium acaule – Mocassin flower, Pink lady's slipper, Two-leaved lady's slipper (C. and E. Canada, NC & E USA)
  2. Cypripedium × alaskanum – (C. guttatum × C. yatabeanum; Alaska)
  3. Cypripedium × andrewsii – (C. candidum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens) (E Canada, NC & NE USA)
  4. Cypripedium arietinum – Ram's-head lady's slipper (C & E Canada, NC & NE USA)
  5. Cypripedium bardolphianum – (China)
  6. Cypripedium calceolus – Yellow lady's slipper (Europe to Japan)
  7. Cypripedium calcicolum – (China)
  8. Cypripedium californicum – California lady's slipper (Oregon, N. California)
  9. Cypripedium candidum – Small white lady slipper (SE Canada, NC & E USA)
  10. Cypripedium × catherinae – (C. macranthon × C. shanxiense; Russian Far East)
  11. Cypripedium × columbianum – (C. montanum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens; W Canada, NW USA)
  12. Cypripedium cordigerum – Heart-Lip lady's slipper (N Pakistan to Himalaya, S Tibet)
  13. Cypripedium daweishanense (S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu) S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu (2005) – (Yunnan, China South-Central)
  14. Cypripedium debile – Frail lady's slipper (Japan, Taiwan, China)
  15. Cypripedium dickinsonianum – (Mexico (S Chiapas) to Guatemala)
  16. Cypripedium elegans – (E Nepal to China)
  17. Cypripedium fargesii – (China)
  18. Cypripedium farreri – (China)
  19. Cypripedium fasciculatum – Brownie lady's slipper, Clustered lady's slipper (W USA)
  20. Cypripedium fasciolatum (China)
  21. Cypripedium flavum – Yellow lady's slipper (SE Tibet, SC China)
  22. Cypripedium formosanum – Formosa lady's slipper (C Taiwan)
  23. Cypripedium forrestii – (China)
  24. Cypripedium franchetii – Franchet's lady's slipper (C & SC China)
  25. Cypripedium froschii – (China)
  26. Cypripedium guttatum – Spotted lady's slipper (European Russia to Korea, Alaska to Yukon)
  27. Cypripedium henryi – Henry's lady's slipper (C China)
  28. Cypripedium x herae – (C.parviflorum x C.reginae) (Manitoba, Canada)
  29. Cypripedium himalaicum – (SE Tibet to Himalaya)
  30. Cypripedium irapeanum – Pelican Orchid, Irapeao lady's slipper (Mexico to Honduras)
  31. Cypripedium japonicum – Japan lady's slipper (China, Korea, Japan)
  32. Cypripedium kentuckiense – Kentucky lady's slipper, Southern lady's slipper (C & E USA)
  33. Cypripedium lentiginosum – (China)
  34. Cypripedium lichiangense S.C.Chen & P.J.Cribb – (China (SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan), NE Myanmar)
  35. Cypripedium ludlowii – (SE Tibet)
  36. Cypripedium macranthos – Large-flowered lady's slipper (E Belarus to temperate E Asia)
  37. Cypripedium malipoense S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu – (Yunnan, China South-Central)
  38. Cypripedium margaritaceum – Pearl-white lady's slipper (China)
  39. Cypripedium micranthum – (China)
  40. Cypripedium molle – (Mexico)
  41. Cypripedium montanum – Large lady's slipper, Mountain lady's slipper, White lady's slipper, Moccasin flower (Alaska to California)
  42. Cypripedium palangshanense – (China)
  43. Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. – (Greater) yellow lady's slipper, moccasin flower, or hairy yellow ladyslipper (Canada, E USA)
  44. Cypripedium passerinum – Franklyn's lady's slipper, small white Northern lady's slipper, sparrow's egg lady's slipper (Alaska to Canada, Montana)
  45. Cypripedium plectrochilum – (N Myanmar to SC China)
  46. Cypripedium reginae Walter – Large white lady's slipper, Queen's lady's slipper, showy lady's slipper (C & E Canada, E. USA)
  47. Cypripedium segawai – (EC Taiwan)
  48. Cypripedium shanxiense – (China to N Japan)
  49. Cypripedium sichuanense – (China)
  50. Cypripedium subtropicum – (SE. Tibet)
  51. Cypripedium taibaiense – (China)
  52. Cypripedium tibeticum – (Sikkim to C China)
  53. Cypripedium × ventricosum – (Russia to Korea)
  54. Cypripedium wardii – (SE. Tibet, China)
  55. Cypripedium × wenqingiae – (C. farreri × C. tibeticum; China)
  56. Cypripedium wumengense – (China)
  57. Cypripedium yatabeanum – (Russian Far East to N & NC Japan, Aleutian Islands to SW Alaska)
  58. Cypripedium yunnanense – (SE Tibet, China)

参考资料
  1. 中国植物物种数据信息库

外部链接
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：杓兰属
维基物种中的分类信息：杓兰属
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