濾過裂隙

濾過裂隙(),即腎臟的組成腎元腎小體內的鮑氏囊上之足細胞的"足突"叉合彼此形成"濾過裂隙"(或裂隙孔)、且裂隙極小(約為8 nm),而帶有負電荷、大分子以及帶陰電性的分子會被阻擋在外。[1] 濾過裂隙可對比於腎小球內皮細胞的膜孔(fenestra),並由"裂隙隔膜"(slit diaphragm)跨越其上。

腎臟腎單位由腎小球鮑氏囊(棕色大箭頭往上方向)之濾過裂隙的過濾作用示意圖:
(A).腎小球的內皮細胞(The endothelial cells of the glomerulus):
 1.膜孔(fenestra)
(B).腎小球基底膜
 1.内層板(lamina rara interna)
 2.致密層(lamina densa)
 3.外層板(lamina rara externa)
(C).足細胞
 1.酵素及結構蛋白(enzymatic and structural protein)
 2.濾過裂隙
 3.膈膜(diaphragma/裂隙隔膜)

結構

一些研究表明,濾過裂隙的尺寸限制了大的分子(比如:血清白蛋白(直径約為15~30μm))、及細胞(比如:红血球(直徑約6~8µm)和血小板(直徑约2~4μm,厚0.2~1.5μm,平均體積7μm3))的通過。[2] 運作"濾過裂隙"的正確功能需要的蛋白質包括腎病蛋白[3]NEPH1(KIRREL)、NEPH2(KIRREL3)[4]足蛋白,及CD2AP[5]

註釋

  1. Guyton, Arthur C.; Hall, John E. . Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. 2006: 316–317. ISBN 0-7216-0240-1.
  2. George Jarad, Jeffrey H. Miner. . Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. 2009-5, 18 (3): 226–232 [2019-02-13]. ISSN 1473-6543. PMC 2895306. PMID 19374010. (原始内容存档于2019-06-09).
  3. Wartiovaara, J.; Ofverstedt, L. G. R.; Khoshnoodi, J.; Zhang, J.; Mäkelä, E.; Sandin, S.; Ruotsalainen, V.; Cheng, R. H.; Jalanko, H.; Skoglund, U.; Tryggvason, K. (2004). "Nephrin strands contribute to a porous slit diaphragm scaffold as revealed by electron tomography". Journal of Clinical Investigation 114 (10): 1475–1483. doi:10.1172/JCI22562. PMC 525744. PMID 15545998
  4. Neumann-Haefelin, E.; Kramer-Zucker, A.; Slanchev, K.; Hartleben, B.; Noutsou, F.; Martin, K.; Wanner, N.; Ritter, A.; Gödel, M.; Pagel, P.; Fu, X.; Müller, A.; Baumeister, R.; Walz, G.; Huber, T. B. (2010). "A model organism approach: Defining the role of Neph proteins as regulators of neuron and kidney morphogenesis". Human Molecular Genetics 19 (12): 2347–2359. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddq108. PMID 20233749
  5. Fukasawa, H.; Bornheimer, S.; Kudlicka, K.; Farquhar, M. G. (2009). "Slit Diaphragms Contain Tight Junction Proteins". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 20 (7): 1491–1503. doi:10.1681/ASN.2008101117. PMC 2709684. PMID 19478094

參見

外部連結

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