盖螺科

盖螺科(學名:)[3],又名圆口螺科[4]盖口螺科[5]截尾釘螺科[6],是一個科級分類單元,其物種皆為小型、主要為淡水螺(也有棲息於其他環境的物種)的有口蓋淡水生腹足纲软体动物。根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類)》,本科屬於截螺總科之下[7]

盖螺科
Oncomelania hupensis的一隻活體
科学分类
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲: 腹足纲 Gastropoda
目: 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
总科: 麂眼螺總科 Rissooidea
科: 盖螺科 Pomatiopsidae
Stimpson, 1865[1]
多样性[2]
約170個淡水物種

本科物種已知是多種亞洲血吸蟲中間宿主[8]

型態描述

美國的貝類學家威廉·斯廷普森首次在1865年為這個分類單元定義為「蓋螺亞科」(Pomatiopsinae)[1]。 當時斯廷普森的分析如下[1]

分類

亞科

根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》,本科包括兩個亞科[7],與Davis (1979)[9]提的分類相同,即如下:

  • 盖螺亚科 Pomatiopsinae Stimpson, 1865:又名圆口螺亚科[4],異名有Hemibiinae Heude, 1890; Tomichiinae Wenz, 1938[10]; Coxiellidae Iredale, 1943;[11] 釘螺科 Oncomelaniidae Salisbury & Edwards, 1961; Cecininae Starobogatov, 1983
  • 拟钉螺亚科 Triculinae Annandale N., 1924[12]
    • 拟钉螺族 Triculuni Annandale, 1924 - synonym: Delavayidae Annandale, 1924[13]
    • tribe Jullieniini Davis, 1979[9]
    • tribe Lacunopsini Davis, 1979[9]
    • tribe Pachydrobiini Davis & Kang, 1990:1990年從舊定義(sensu Davis 1979[9])的拟钉螺族分出來[14]

Family-group name Rehderiellinae Brandt, 1974[15] is also in Pomatiopsidae, but it is not allocated in detail.[7]。這組分類單元在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》被劃歸截螺總科金環螺科Iravadiidae Thiele, 1928[16][17]

本科之下所包括的屬如下:

  • 盖螺亚科Pomatiopsinae
    • Blanfordia Adams, 1863[8]
    • Cecina A. Adams, 1861[7][18]
    • Coxiella E. A. Smith, 1894[7]
    • Fukuia Abbott & Hunter, 1949[8]
    • Hemibia Heude, 1890[7] (species type: Oncomelania hupensis Gredler, 1881
    • Idiopyrgus Pilsbry, 1911[8][19] = Aquidauania Davis, 1979[9]
    • 釘螺屬 Oncomelania Gredler, 1881[7]
    • 蓋螺屬 Pomatiopsis Tryon, 1862:本科的模式屬[7]
    • Tomichia Benson, 1851[7][20]
  • 拟钉螺亚科 Triculinae:下領超過20個屬,可分為下列多個族[8]
    • 拟钉螺族 Triculuni
    • tribe Jullieniini
      • Hubendickia Brandt, 1968[9]
      • Hydrorissoia Bavay, 1895[9]
      • Jullienia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876:本族的模式屬[7]
      • Karelainia Davis, 1979[9]
      • Kunmingia Davis & Kuo in Davis, 1981[21][22]
      • Neoprososthenia Davis & Kuo in Davis, Kuo, Hoagland, Chen, Yang & Chen, 1984[21][22]
      • Pachydrobiella Thiele, 1928[9] - with the only species Pachydrobiella brevis (Bavay, 1895)[9]
      • Paraprososthenia Annandale, 1919[9]
      • Saduniella Brandt, 1970[9] - with the only species Saduniella planispira Brandt, 1970[9]
    • tribe Lacunopsini
      • Lacunopsis Deshayes, 1876 - type genus of the tribe Lacunopsini[7]
    • tribe Pachydrobiini
      • Gammatricula Davis & Liu in Davis, Liu & Chen, 1990[24]
      • Halewisia Davis, 1979[14] - with the only species Halewisia expansa (Brandt, 1970)[9]
      • Jinghongia Davis in Davis & Kang, 1990[14]
      • 新拟钉螺属 Neotricula Davis in Davis, Subba Rao & Hoagland, 1986[14]
      • Pachydrobia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876[14] - type genus of the tribe Pachydrobiini[7]
      • Robertsiella Davis & Greer, 1980[14]
      • Wuconchona Kang, 1983[14]
        • Wuconchona niuzhuangensisWuconchona nizhuangensis
  • 亞科地位未定
    • Spiripockia Simone, 2012 (not allocated to a subfamily)[25]

分佈

本科物種有世界性的分佈[8]。 然而,在生物多樣性方面,本科物種在日本列島的多樣性特別高,八個物種裡有四個物種有分佈,當中更有兩個物種是當地原生種[8]。 擬釘螺亞科物種在东南亚以淡水螺的形式輻射分佈[8]

Approximate distribution map of Pomatiopsidae.
Notes: Distribution of Tomichia includes also Central Africa,[26]
Cecina有八個物種[27]

生態

盖螺科物種的棲息地呈多樣性:有淡水生的兩棲的沿海的嗜鹽的穴居的、甚至陸生的[8][25]也有。不過陸生類群僅在位於東亞日本列島Blanfordia屬物種[8]Tomichia屬和Coxiella屬包括多個在鹹水湖棲息的嗜鹽物種[8]

盖螺科以一到兩條不同的演化路徑從海路進侵淡水棲息地[2];另外還有以兩條不同的演化路徑進侵陸地棲息[8]。下表綜合本科各屬的棲息環境:

蓋螺科各屬之生物多樣性及棲地總覽
屬學名 中文名 物種數 棲息地
Blanfordia 3[8] 陸地[8]
Cecina (gastropod) 8[27] 沿岸海邊[27]
Coxiella 10[9] (one of them extinct)[9] 鹹水湖[28]
Fukuia 3[8] 陸地和淡水,也有兩棲,often arboreal[8]
"Fukuia" ooyagii
地位未定[8]
1 淡水[8]
Hemibia ?? ?? ??
Idiopyrgus 1-3 species[8][19] 淡水[19]
Oncomelania 釘螺屬 2[8] freshwater, marshy ground, seasonally amphibious[8]
Pomatiopsis 4[9] marshy ground, amphibious[8]
Tomichia 11[8] freshwater, brackish,[20] saline lakes[8]
Delavaya ? ? ?
Fenouilia ? ? 淡水
Lithoglyphopsis ? ? ?
Tricula 拟钉螺属 15-20+ 淡水
Hubendickia 16[9] ?
Hydrorissoia 7[9] ?
Jullienia 10[9] ?
Karelainia 4[9] ?
Kunmingia ? ? ?
Neoprososthenia ? ? ?
Pachydrobiella 1[9] ?
Paraprososthenia 有指4個[9]或1 個cf.[29] 化石,淡水湖的湖床
Saduniella 1[9] ?
Lacunopsis 12[9] ?
Gammatricula 4 ?
Halewisia 1[9] ?
Jinghongia ? ? ?
Neotricula 新拟钉螺属 2 (at least)[8] 淡水
Pachydrobia 10[9] ?
Robertsiella 3[30] freshwater, streams[30]
Wuconchona ? ? ?
Rehderiella ? ? ?
Spiripockia 1[25] cavernicolous[25]

參考文獻

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference[1] and CC-BY-2.0 from the reference[8]

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  8. Kameda, Y.; Kato, M. . BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2011, 11: 118. PMC 3102040. PMID 21545707. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-118.
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外部連結

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:盖螺科
  • 維基物種中有關盖螺科的數據
  • Davis G. M., Chen C.-E., Wu C., Kuang T.-F., Xing X.-G., Li L., Liu W.-J. & Yan Y.-L. (1992). "The Pomatiopsidae of Hunan, China (Gastropoda, Rissoacea)". Malacologia 34(1-2): 143-342.
  • Guan, F.; Niu, A. O.; Attwood, S. W.; Li, Y. L.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, Y. H. . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2008, 48 (2): 702–707. PMID 18502667. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.021.
  • Liu, L.; Huo, G.-N.; He, H.-B.; Zhou, B.; Attwood, S. W. . BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2014, 14: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-29.
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