壯傣語支

壯傣語支(又称傣語支台語支壮傣语支泰語支壮台语支)是壯侗語系侗台語族中的一个語支,即汉藏语系传统分类中壮侗语族壮傣语支的语言。包括壮语布依语傣语(在中國境內)、泰语老挝语掸语岱依语侬语坎底语阿豪姆语(均不在中國境內)等。说台語的民族统称台語民族

壮傣语支
地理分佈:南中國廣西貴州雲南廣東)、東南亞
谱系学分类壯侗語系
分支:
中部
语言代码
ISO 639-2 / 5:tai

台語和泰語

泰語泰国的一种语言。泰是泰族的自称,泰语[tʰaj˧],英语作。台语是对台语支语言的统称,包括泰语和其他众多语言。台字英语作。

原始台語和語音演變

參見侗台語族#原始侗台語侗台語族#語音演變

台語支(Be-Tai)系谱

  • 临高语(Ong Be)(onb)(中国)
  • 北部台语支
    • 石语(Saek)(skb)(老挝、泰国)
    • 傣幼语(Yoy)(yoy) (泰国、老挝)
    • 傣曼语(Tai Mene/Tai Yo)(tmp)(老挝、泰国、越南、柬埔寨)
      • Tai Do (tyj) (越南)
      • Tai Nyaw(nyw)(老挝、泰国、柬埔寨)
    • 傣包语(Tai Hang Tong/Tai Pao)(thc)(tpo)(越南、老挝)
    • 布依语 (Bou Yai/布耶)(pcc) (中国、越南)
    • 桂北壮语(Bou Yai/布耶)(zgb)(中国)
    • 桂边壮语(Bou Yai/布耶)(zgn)(中国)
    • 丘北壮语(Bou Yai/布耶)(zqe)(中国)
    • 右江壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zyj)(中国)
    • 邕北壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zyb)(中国)
    • 中红水河壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zch)(中国)
    • 东红水河壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zeh)(中国)
    • 柳江壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zlj)(中国)
    • 柳黔壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zlq)(中国)
    • 连山壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zln)(中国)
  • 中部台语支
    • 民讲(Bou Min/布民)(zgm)(中国)
    • 邕南壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zyn)(中国)
    • 左江壮语/岱依语(Bou Dae/布傣、Bou Cueng/布壮)(zzj)(tyz)(中国、越南)
    • 文麻壮语(Bou Dae/布傣、Thu lao/土佬)(zhd)(tyl)(越南、中国)
    • 德靖壮语(Bou Nung/布侬、Bou Yang/布央) (zyg)(中国、越南)
    • 砚广壮语/侬语 (Bou Nung/布侬)(nut)(zhn)(越南、中国)
    • Tsʻün-Lao(tsl) (越南)
  • 中部西南部混合语
    • 高栏语(mlc) (越南)
  • 西南部台语支
    • 傣萨巴语(Tai Sa Pa/傣萨巴)(tys) (越南)
    • 南部(Pak Thai 巴泰语)
    • 中部(Chiang Saen languages 清盛语)
      • 布傣语
        • 傣端语 (Tai Dón/白傣)(twh) (越南、老挝、中国)
        • 傣搭语 (Tai Dón/白傣)(tyt)(越南)
        • 傣赬語 (Tai Daeng/红傣)(tyr) (越南、老挝、中国、泰国)
        • 傣黕語(Tai Dam/黑傣) (blt) (越南、老挝、中国、泰国)
        • 潘语(Lao Phuan/佬潘)(phu) (老挝、泰国、柬埔寨)
        • 泰宋语(Thai Song/泰宋)(soa) (泰国)
      • 北部泰语
        • 兰纳语(Tai Yuan/傣阮) (nod) (泰国、老挝、中国、缅甸)
        • 傣仂语(Tai Lue/傣仂) (khb) (泰国、中国、老挝、缅甸、越南)
          • 傣允语(Tai Yong/傣允)(yno)(泰国、缅甸)
        • 傣痕语(Tai Khün)(kkh) (缅甸、中国、泰国、老挝)
      • 中部泰语(Thai Siam/暹罗泰)(tha) (泰国)
    • 东北部(Lao–Phutai Languages 老挝-普泰语)
      • 老挝语(Lao/佬)(lao) (老挝、越南)
        • 东北泰语(Thai Isan/依善) (tts) (泰国)
      • 普泰语(Phu Thai/普泰) (pht) (泰国)
    • 西北部(Shan Languages 掸语)
      • Assam 阿萨姆傣语
        • 阿豪姆语(Ahom)(aho) (印度)
        • 土隆语(Turung)(tyr)(印度)
        • 坎底语(Khamti/坎底傣)(kht) (印度、缅甸)
        • 艾通语(Tai Aiton/艾通傣)(aio) (印度)
        • 帕基语(Tai Phake/帕基傣)(phk) (印度)
        • 坎扬语(Khamyang/坎扬傣)(ksu) (印度)
      • 傣来语(Tai Lai/傣来)(tjl)(缅甸)
      • 掸语 (Tai Long/傣龙)(thi)(缅甸、中国、泰国、老挝)
        • 傣耶语 (Tai Yai/傣耶)(shn) (缅甸、中国、泰国)
        • 傣那语 (Tai Nuea/傣那)(tdd) (中国、缅甸、老挝、泰国)
    • 待分类
      • 红金傣语(Tai Ya傣雅/ Tai Sai傣赛/ Tai Kha傣卡/ Tai Cung傣壮等等)(分散在红河和金沙江沿岸等地)(tiz)(cuu)(中国、泰国)
      • Tai Khang(Tai Khang/傣康)(tnu) (老挝、中国)
      • Pa Di(pdi) (中国、越南)
      • Kuan(uan) (老挝)
      • Tai Thanh (tmm) (越南)
      • Pu Ko (puk) (老挝)(也许不存在)

死语

舉例

詞彙 泰语 老挝语 蘭納语 伊善语 掸语 傣仂语 壮语
/lom/ /lóm/ /lom/ /lom/ /lom4/ /lom/ /lɔm2/
/mɯaŋ/ /mɯaŋ/ /mɯaŋ/ /mɯaŋ/ /mɤŋ4/ /mœŋ/ /mɯ:ŋ2/
/din/ /din/ /din/ /din/ /lǐn1/ /din/ /ʔdin1-2/
/fai/ /fái/ /fai/ /fai/ /pʰaj4/ or /fai4/ /fai/ /fɐj2/
心脏 /hŭa tɕai/ /hǔa cài/ /hua tɕai/ /hua tɕai/ /ho1 tsaɯ1/ /hua tɕai/ /tsɐɯ1/
/rák/ /hāk/ /hag/ /hag/ /hak5/ /hag/ /ʔdi:p6/
/náːm/ /nȃm/ /nam/ /nam/ /nam5/ /nam/ /nɐm4/

參考文獻

  • Ostapirat W (2000). "Proto-Kra." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 23(1).

延伸閱讀

  • Brown, J. Marvin. From Ancient Thai to Modern Dialects. Bangkok: Social Science Association Press of Thailand, 1965.
  • Chamberlain, James R. A New Look at the Classification of the Tai Languages. [s.l: s.n, 1972.
  • Conference on Tai Phonetics and Phonology, Jimmy G. Harris, and Richard B. Noss. Tai Phonetics and Phonology. [Bangkok: Central Institute of English Language, Office of State Universities, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 1972.
  • Diffloth, Gérard. An Appraisal of Benedict's Views on Austroasiatic and Austro-Thai Relations. Kyoto: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 1976.
  • Đoàn, Thiện Thuật. Tay-Nung Language in the North Vietnam. [Tokyo?]: Instttute [sic] for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 1996.
  • Gedney, William J. On the Thai Evidence for Austro-Thai. [S.l: s.n, 1976.
  • Gedney, William J., and Robert J. Bickner. Selected Papers on Comparative Tai Studies. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 29. Ann Arbor, Mich., USA: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1989. ISBN 0-89148-037-4
  • Gedney, William J., Carol J. Compton, and John F. Hartmann. Papers on Tai Languages, Linguistics, and Literatures: In Honor of William J. Gedney on His 77th Birthday. Monograph series on Southeast Asia. [De Kalb]: Northern Illinois University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, 1992. ISBN 1-877979-16-3
  • Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. (1995). William J. Gedney's central Tai dialects: glossaries, texts, and translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 43. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan ISBN 0-89148-075-7
  • Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. William J. Gedney's the Yay Language: Glossary, Texts, and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 38. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1991. ISBN 0-89148-066-8
  • Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. William J. Gedney's Southwestern Tai Dialects: Glossaries, Texts and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 42. [Ann Arbor, Mich.]: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1994. ISBN 0-89148-074-9
  • Hudak, Thomas John. William J. Gedney's The Tai Dialect of Lungming: Glossary, Texts, and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 39. [Ann Arbor]: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1991. ISBN 0-89148-067-6
  • Li, Fang-kuei. 1977. Handbook of Comparative Tai. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawai’i Press.
  • Li, Fang-kuei. The Tai Dialect of Lungchow; Texts, Translations, and Glossary. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1940.
  • Østmoe, Arne. A Germanic-Tai Linguistic Puzzle. Sino-Platonic papers, no. 64. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Dept. of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 1995.
  • Sathāban Sūn Phāsā Qangkrit. Bibliography of Tai Language Studies. [Bangkok]: Indigenous Languages of Thailand Research Project, Central Institute of English Language, Office of State Universities, 1977.
  • Shorto, H. L. Bibliographies of Mon–Khmer and Tai Linguistics. London oriental bibliographies, v. 2. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
  • Tingsabadh, Kalaya and Arthur S. Abramson. Essays in Tai Linguistics. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press, 2001. ISBN 974-347-222-3

外部連結

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