超立方體堆砌

四維歐幾里得幾何空間中,超立方體堆砌()[1]是三種四維空間堆砌(亦稱為填充鑲嵌蜂巢體)之一,由超立方體堆砌而成。它亦可被看作是五維空間中由無窮多個超立方體胞組成的二胞角為180°的五維正無窮胞體,因此在許多情況下它被算作是五維的多胞體。

超立方體堆砌
一個3x3x3x3棋盤超立方體堆砌的透視投影|220px]]
類型正四維堆砌
家族立方形堆砌
維度4
四維{4,3,3}
{4,3}
{4}
棱圖
8 {4,3}
顶点图
16 {4,3,3}
施萊夫利符號{4,3,3,4}
t0,4{4,3,3,4}
{4,3,31,1}
{4,4}2
{4,3,4}x{}
{4,4}x{}2
{}4
歐拉示性數0
考克斯特記號




類比立方体堆砌
考克斯特群, [4,3,3,4]
, [4,3,31,1]
對偶多胞體自身对偶
特性vertex-transitive, edge-transitive, face-transitive, cell-transitive

超立方體堆砌在施萊夫利符號中,以{4,3,3,4}表示,透過超立方體胞填密4維空間構成[2]。其頂點圖是一個正十六胞體,在每單位立方中,每相鄰的兩個超立方體胞有四個正方形相遇、八個邊相遇、頂點則有16個相遇。超立方體堆砌是平面正方形鑲嵌的類比、也是三維空間立方體堆砌在四維空間的類比[3],他們的形式皆為{4,3,...,3,4}[4],為立方形堆砌家族的一部份,在這個家庭的鑲嵌都是自身对偶

坐標

此蜂巢體(即該堆砌的整體)的頂點皆位於四維空間中的整數點(i,j,k,l)上,對所有的i,j,k,l皆為超立方體邊長的整數倍[5],因此邊長為1超立方體堆砌也可以視為四維空間中的座標網格。

結構

超立方體堆砌有許多不同的Wythoff結構。最對稱的形式是施萊夫利符號{4,3,3,4}表示正圖形,另一種形式是有兩種超立方體交替,有如棋盤一般,在施萊夫利符號中用{4,3,31,1}表示。最低的對稱性Wythoff結構是在每個頂點附近有16個稜柱形,其施萊夫利符號表示為{}4。其可利用截胞(Sterication)來構造。

相關多面體和鑲嵌

考克斯特群[4,3,3,4]、產生了31個排列均勻的鑲嵌,21具有獨特的對稱性和20具有獨特的幾何形狀。擴展超立方體堆砌(也被稱為截胞超立方體堆砌)其形狀在幾何上與超立方體堆砌相同。

擴展
對稱群
擴展
标记
蜂巢體
(堆砌)
[4,3,3,4]: ×1

1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11, 12,
13

[[4,3,3,4]] ×2 (1), (2), (13), 18
(6), 19, 20
[(3,3)[1+,4,3,3,4,1+]]
= [(3,3)[31,1,1,1]]
= [3,4,3,3]

=
=
×6

14, 15, 16, 17

參考文獻

  1. John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strauss, (2008) The Symmetries of Things, ISBN 978-1-56881-220-5 (Chapter 21, Naming the Archimedean and Catalan polyhedra and tilings, Architectonic and Catoptric tessellations, p 292-298, includes all the nonprismatic forms)
  2. Quaternionic modular groups Submitted by C. DavisDedicated to the memory of John B. Wilker [2014-4-27]
  3. Barnes, John. "The Fourth Dimension." Gems of Geometry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. 57-81.
  4. Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995, ISBN 978-0-471-01003-6
  5. test(tesseractic tetracomb) bendwavy.org [2014-4-27]
  • Coxeter, H.S.M. Regular Polytopes, (3rd edition, 1973), Dover edition, ISBN 0-486-61480-8 p. 296, Table II: Regular honeycombs
  • Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995, ISBN 978-0-471-01003-6
    • (Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III, [Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45]
  • George Olshevsky, Uniform Panoploid Tetracombs, Manuscript (2006) (Complete list of 11 convex uniform tilings, 28 convex uniform honeycombs, and 143 convex uniform tetracombs) - Model 1
  • Richard Klitzing, 4D, Euclidean tesselations x∞o x∞o x∞o x∞o, x∞x x∞o x∞o x∞o, x∞x x∞x x∞o x∞o, x∞x x∞x x∞x x∞o,x∞x x∞x x∞x x∞x, x∞o x∞o x4o4o, x∞o x∞o o4x4o, x∞x x∞o x4o4o, x∞x x∞o o4x4o, x∞o x∞o x4o4x, x∞x x∞x x4o4o, x∞x x∞x o4x4o, x∞x x∞o x4o4x, x∞x x∞x x4o4x, x4o4x x4o4x, x4o4x o4x4o, x4o4x x4o4o, o4x4o o4x4o, x4o4o o4x4o, x4o4o x4o4o, x∞x o3o3o *d4x, x∞o o3o3o *d4x, x∞x x4o3o4x, x∞o x4o3o4x, x∞x x4o3o4o, x∞o x4o3o4o, o3o3o *b3o4x, x4o3o3o4x, x4o3o3o4o - test - O1
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