洄游
洄游是不少品種的鱼类在其生命周期中相对于其原有栖息场所定期的大规模迁徙现象,從每日到每年、甚或更長的周期,從數公尺到上千公里的距離。魚類一般都會因為寻食或繁殖等原因而洄游,[1] 不過大部分的魚類(如鮭魚)洄游到目的地後大部分便會死亡,只有少數會活著。儘管還有個別例子的洄游原因仍然未知。
鮭魚和銀花鱸魚為著名的溯河洄游魚類,鰻魚則為降河洄游魚類。公牛鯊為廣鹽性魚類,可自由穿梭於淡水與海水之中。許多海洋魚類會進行日夜垂直遷移,在晚上游至表層覓食,白天則潛回深海。鮪魚等魚類一年中會隨著溫度進行南北遷徙。漁業行為時常發生在這些魚類的遷徙路徑上。在淡水域的魚類進行遷徙時路徑則容易因為水壩的構築而受到阻斷。
洄游的种类
洄游可分为溯河洄游、降河洄游。
這種分類法雖然源於魚類,但原則上亦適用於所有物種。根据洄游的原因还可分为生殖洄游、适温洄游和索饵洄游。此外,還有以下分類[6][7]:
註釋
- 中国大百科智慧藏:魚類的洄游
- Atlantic Salmon Life Cycle 页面存档备份,存于 Connecticut River Coordinator's Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Updated: 13 September 2010.
- Moyle, P.B. 2004. Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, CA.
- Silva, S., Araújo, M. J., Bao, M., Mucientes, G., & Cobo, F. (2014). The haematophagous feeding stage of anadromous populations of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus: low host selectivity and wide range of habitats. Hydrobiologia, 734(1), 187-199.
- Tyus, H.M. 2012. Ecology and Conservation of Fishes. Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York.
- Myers, George S. . Copeia. 1949, 1949: 89–97.
- Secor, David H; Kerr L A. . Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 2009, (69): 537–556.
- 羅永清. . 2014-01-13 [2014-01-14] (中文(繁體)).
參考書目
- Blumm, M (2002) Sacrificing the Salmon: A Legal and Policy History of the Decline of Columbia Basin Salmon Bookworld Publications.
- Bond, C E (1996) Biology of Fishes, 2nd ed. Saunders, pp. 599–605.
- Hogan, C M (2008) Morro Creek 页面存档备份,存于, The Megalithic Portal, ed. by A. Burnham
- Lucas, M.C., and E. Baras. (2001) Migration of freshwater fishes. Blackwell Science Ltd., Malden, MA
- Appendix A: Migratory Fish Species in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa in Carolsfield J, Harvey B, Ross C and Anton Baer A (2004)Migratory Fishes of South America World Fisheries Trust/World Bank/IDRC. ISBN 1-55250-114-0.
外部連結
- United Nations: Introduction to the Convention on Migratory Species
- Living North Sea – International project on tackling fish migration problems in the North Sea Region
- Fish Migration Network – Worldwide network of specialist working on the theme fish migration
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