空降部隊

空降部隊（英語：）屬於軍事單位，早期為輕裝步兵，近年分演為「傘降兵」、「機降兵」、「空中突擊兵」3種，其部隊運動採航空器和“空投”戰鬥。因此，他們可以放在敵後，有能力與小警告，幾乎在任何地方部署。編隊是有限的，只能經由他們的航空器運輸，難以有足夠的武力，主要的優勢在於“在幾分鐘內突然冒出的數量和大小”，歐美稱為垂直包圍行動。

空降

軍事跳傘或滑翔前運人員或物資的形式。

用途

提供人員，設備或耗材。

起源

起源於1927年11月意大利部隊。

一般

空降部隊運用概分為3類：

空降的基本前提是，他們可以快速抵達，不能快速部署一個連貫的防禦。據推測，這種戰術上的優勢不能持續很長，所以傘兵必須善用敵人的資材，不斷通過空中補給或等待地面部隊以得到支援。[5]雖然空降部隊在運輸過程中通常手無寸鐵，但是，他們的突然出現帶給守衛部隊一瞬間「驚奇」或「衝擊」。[2]

空降部隊一般（早期）都是由步兵、輕量、非裝甲車輛（例如吉普車、悍馬車等高機動車）和槍支及迫擊砲組成。在第二次世界大戰中，傘兵使用了輕型摩托車，如美軍Cushman 公司53型速克達（G683）和英軍威爾單兵摩托車。

結束後，輕重量車輛能夠通過降落傘空降開始研發，例如M-551謝里登輕型坦克。開發BMD-1步兵戰車和BMD-3步兵战车。直升機可以運輸輕型裝甲車，例如德國鼬鼠裝甲車、美軍LAV-25裝甲車和英国的CVR (T)等。以及，大型運輸機可供運輸少量主戰坦克或較笨重的步兵戰車。

许多空降重武器例如坦克，吉普车担心落地时摔坏，尤考验单位事前准备

戰爭史

參考資料
文獻
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  • L, Klemen. . 1999–2000 [2013-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-26）.
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  • Whiting, Charles Slaughter Over Sicily, Leo Cooper, 1992
腳注
  1. Reproduced in Blunt, Victor, The User of Air Power. Military Service Publishing Company; Harrisburg, 1943: pp.v-ix.
  3. . [2015-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-15）.，2004-04-16
  4. 第肆章中共特種作戰部隊組建與發展pdf高甯松 著作 - 2004
  6. 瓦勒尔鎮（Varel），中文譯名參考自. World of hotels.

相關條目
軍事
衍生影劇
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