各國風力發電

截至 2016 年底,全球風力發電裝機容量達到 486,790 MW,比前一年增加 12.5%。[2]2016 年、2015 年、2014 年、2013 年全球新增的風力發電分別為 54,632 MW、63,330 MW、51,447 MW、和35,467 MW。

全球裝機容量(1996年-2018年)[1]

自 2010 年以來,超過半數的新增風力發電來自傳統的歐洲和北美市場以外,主要是持續發展的中國和印度。2015 年底,中國裝機風力發電達到 145 GW, 2015 年中國新增的風力發電佔全球新增風電比例將近五成。

有數個國家的風力發電普及率已相當高,例如在 2010 年,丹麥的風力發電佔固定式發電的 39%,[3][4] 葡萄牙為 18%,西班牙 16%,愛爾蘭 14%,[5] 德國德國 9%。[6] 截至 2011 年,全球有 83 個國家使用商業風力發電,到 2014 年底,風力發電佔全球用電量比例為 3.1%。[7]

圖表

2015年各國新安裝容量 (MW)[8]

世界其他地区: 6,950 MW (11.0%)

  •   中國: 30,753 MW (48.5%)
  •   美國: 8,598 MW (13.5%)
  •   德國: 6,013 MW (9.5%)
  •   巴西: 2,754 MW (4.3%)
  •   印度: 2,623 MW (4.1%)
  •   加拿大: 1,506 MW (2.4%)
  •   波蘭: 1,266 MW (2.0%)
  •   法國: 1,073 MW (1.7%)
  •   英國: 975 MW (1.5%)
  •   土耳其: 956 MW (1.5%)
  •   世界其他地区: 6,950 MW (11.0%)
2015年各国安装容量 (MW)[8]

世界其他地区: 58,275 MW (13.7%)

  •   中國: 145,362 MW (34.1%)
  •   美國: 74,471 MW (17.5%)
  •   德國: 44,947 MW (10.5%)
  •   印度: 27,151 MW (6.4%)
  •   西班牙: 23,025 MW (5.4%)
  •   英國: 13,603 MW (3.2%)
  •   加拿大: 11,205 MW (2.6%)
  •   法國: 10,358 MW (2.4%)
  •   義大利: 8,958 MW (2.1%)
  •   巴西: 8,715 MW (2.0%)
  •   世界其他地区: 58,275 MW (13.7%)
2015年各地区安裝容量 (MW)[8]

歐洲: 147,771 MW (34.1%)北美: 88,749 MW (20.5%)拉丁美洲和加勒比: 12,220 MW (2.8%)太平洋地區: 4,823 MW (1.1%)非洲和中東: 3,489 MW (0.8%)

  •   亞洲(不包括中東): 175,831 MW (40.6%)
  •   歐洲: 147,771 MW (34.1%)
  •   北美: 88,749 MW (20.5%)
  •   拉丁美洲和加勒比: 12,220 MW (2.8%)
  •   太平洋地區: 4,823 MW (1.1%)
  •   非洲和中東: 3,489 MW (0.8%)

風力發電裝機容量

以下為全球各國的風力發電裝機容量年度統計,資料來源為全球風能委員會。2015 年全球風力發電從 369,553 MW 增加為 432,883 MW,增加幅度 63,330 MW,比例達 17.14%。[8]

風力發電裝機容量 MW) [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]
# 国家或地区 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1 中华人民共和国2,5995,91212,21025,10444,73362,73375,56491,412114,763145,104168,690
- 歐盟48,12256,61465,25574,91984,27893,957106,454117,384128,752141,579153,730
2 美國11,60316,81925,17035,15940,20046,91960,00761,11065,87974,47282,183
3 德國20,62222,24723,90325,77727,21429,06031,33234,25039,16544,94750,019
4 印度6,2707,8509,58710,92513,06416,08418,42120,15022,46527,15128,665
5 西班牙11,63015,14516,74019,14920,67621,67422,79622,95922,98723,02523,075
6 英國1,9632,3893,2884,0705,2036,5408,44510,71112,44013,60314,542
7 法國1,5892,4773,4264,4105,6606,8007,1968,2439,28510,35812,065
8 加拿大1,4601,8462,3693,3194,0085,2656,2007,8239,69411,20511,898
9 巴西2372473396069321,5092,5083,4665,9398,71510,740
10 義大利2,1232,7263,5374,8505,7976,7478,1448,5588,6638,9589,257
11 瑞典5718311,0671,5602,1632,9703,7454,3825,4256,0256,519
12 土耳其652074338011,3291,7992,3122,9583,7634,7186,081
13 波蘭1532764727251,1071,6162,4973,3903,8345,1005,782
14 葡萄牙1,7162,1302,8623,5353,7024,0834,5254,7304,9145,0795,316
15 丹麥3,1403,1293,1643,4653,7523,8714,1624,8074,8455,0635,227
16 荷蘭1,5711,7592,2372,2232,2372,3282,3912,6712,8053,4314,328
17 澳大利亞[25]6518241,3061,7121,9912,1762,5843,2393,8064,1874,327
18 墨西哥8485855207338731,3701,8592,5513,0733,527
19 日本1,3091,5281,8802,0562,3042,5012,6142,6692,7893,0383,234
20 羅馬尼亞271014.14629821,9052,5992,9532,9763,028
21 愛爾蘭7468051,2451,2601,3791,6141,7382,0492,2722,4862,830
22 奧地利9659829959951,0111,0841,3781,6842,0952,4122,632
23 比利時1942873845639111,0781,3751,6511,9592,2292,386
24 希臘7588739901,0871,2081,6291,7491,8661,9802,1522,374
25 芬蘭861101431471971992884476271,0051,539
26 南非-------105701,0531,471
27 智利---201681722053318369331,424
28 烏拉圭-----4356597018451,210
29 韓國1761922783483794074835616098351,036
30 摩洛哥64125125253286291291487787787882
31 挪威[26][27][28]325333428431441512704811819838838
32 保加利亞3670120177500612674681691691691
33 臺灣188280358436519564564614633647682
34 紐西蘭171322325497530623623623623623623
35 埃及230310390430550550550550610610610
36 巴基斯坦[29]---------255591
37 烏克蘭8689909487151302371498514526
38 立陶宛56505491163203263279279315493
39 克羅埃西亞n/an/a69.4104152187.4207.1302347387422
40 匈牙利6165127201295329329329329329329
41 伊索比亞-----2381171171324324
42 愛沙尼亞31.85978142149184269280302303310
43 哥斯大黎加--74123119132147148198268298
44 捷克57116150192215217260269281281281
45 阿根廷-----113167218271279279
46 巴拿馬--------35270270
47 突尼西亞-----54104245245245245
48 秘魯-------146148148241
49 泰國-----7112223223223223
50 菲律賓-------66216216216
51 尼加拉瓜-----62102146186186186
52 約旦--------2119185
53 宏都拉斯------102102126176176
54 塞普路斯--------147158158
55 伊朗4767829191919191n.a.129134
56 斯里蘭卡------6363n.a.n.a.
57 拉脫維亞--------6262
58 盧森堡--------5858
59 蒙古-------50n.a.n.a.
60 委內瑞拉------30-n.a.n.a.
61 佛得角-----24242424n.a.
-加勒比------191250250250
-太平洋群島-----1212121212
-歐洲其他地區------3,8154,9565,7156,543
-拉丁美洲與加勒比其他地區-----5454250250285
-非洲與中東其他地區------1,1651,255129151
-亞洲其他地區------7187-167
世界总容量 (MW) 74,151 93,927 121,188 157,899 197,637 238,035 282,482 318,596 369,553 432,419

各年度風力發電

全球十大國家各年度風力發電量 (TW·h) 及總用電量 (TW·h) [16][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]
国家 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Wind
power
容量
因子
%
需求
Wind
power
容量
因子
%
需求
Wind
power
容量
因子
%
需求
Wind
power
容量
因子
%
需求
Wind
power
容量
因子
%
需求
1 美國 26.626.1%0.7%4058.134.523.4%0.8%4149.952.023.5%1.3%4108.670.81.8%3951.195.22.6%3,723.8
2 中國 3.716.2%0.1%2834.45.6[37]10.6%0.2%3255.912.8[38]12.0%0.4%3426.826.912.2%0.74%3640.355.5
3 西班牙 22.922.4%8.5%268.827.220.5%9.8%276.831.421.7%11.1%282.136.613.7%267.043.7
4 德國 30.717.0%5.4%569.938.519.7%6.6%584.940.419.3%6.6%611.937.26.4%581.336.5
5 印度 7.613.8%1.0%726.714.721.0%1.9%774.714.817.6%1.77%834.3172.7%637.620.6
6 英國 4.223.2%1.2%352.95.327.5%1.5%352.07.130.4%2.0%350.59.32.5%325.810.2
7 法國 2.216.0%0.5%478.44.018.6%0.8%480.35.618.8%1.1%494.57.820.2%1.6%4869.7
8 葡萄牙 2.919.3%5.9%49.24.021.2%8.0%50.15.722.7%11.3%50.67.515.0%49.99.1
9 義大利 3.016.1%0.9%337.54.0[39]16.7%1.2%339.94.915.7%1.4%339.56.22.1%296.38.4
10 丹麥 6.122.2%16.8%36.47.226.3%19.7%36.47.024.9%19.1%36.26.819.3%32.47.4[40]
世界总计 (TWh)126.54719.2%0.8%16,388.5163.68321.1%1.0% 17,110.5 211.81224.5%1.2%17,420.0262.563[16]21.5%1.5%17,313.6344.8

2011-2012 年風力發電

風力發電 每年 TWh (總計):[41]

Nation 2011 2012[42]
 美國119.7140.1
 中國73.2100.8[43]
 西班牙42.448.5
 德國46.546.0
 印度26.027.9
 加拿大19.721.0
 英國15.521.0
 法國12.214.9
 義大利10.113.2
 丹麥9.710.2
 葡萄牙9.110.0
 瑞典6.17.2
 澳大利亚5.87.0
 土耳其4.75.8
 巴西2.75.1
 荷蘭5.15.0
 日本4.34.8
 愛爾蘭4.44.2
 波蘭2.74.7
 希臘3.33.9
 墨西哥1.43.6
 羅馬尼亞1.42.6
 比利時2.32.7
 奥地利2.12.4
 新西蘭2.01.9
 挪威1.31.7
 0.91.7
 埃及1.71.3
 保加利亚0.81.2
 摩洛哥0.90.7

歷年風力發電

2004-2013 年風力發電 (MW)

下表為全球各國 2004 年至 2013 年各年度的風力發電裝機容量 (MW),數據來自世界風能協會[44]

Rank 国家 2004 2005[17] 2006[17] 2007[17] 2008[17] 2009[16] 2010[15] 2011[45] 2012[46] 2013[47]
- 世界 47,693 59,024.1 74,122.8 93,930.4 120,902.9 159,213.3 196,630 238,035 282,482 318,530
1 中國 7641,2662,5995,91212,21025,77744,73362,36475,32491,324
2 美國 6,7259,14911,60316,81825,17035,15940,18046,91959,88261,108
3 德國 16,62818,42720,62222,24723,90225,77727,21529,07531,03834,660
4 西班牙 8,26310,02711,63015,14516,74019,14920,67621,67322,79622,959
5 印度 3,0004,4306,2707,8509,58710,92513,06515,88018,32120,150
6 英國 8881,3531,9622,3893,2874,0925,2046,0188,44510,531
7 義大利 1,2651,7182,1232,7263,7364,8505,7976,7378,1448,551
8 法國 3867571,5672,4553,4044,5215,6606,6407,4738,254
9 加拿大 4446831,4601,8462,3693,3194,0085,2656,2017,698
10 丹麥 3,1243,1283,1363,1253,160.03,4973,7343,9274,1624,772
11 葡萄牙 5221,0221,7162,1302,8623,5353,7024,0834,5254,724
12 瑞典 452509.1571.2831.010661,5792,0522,7983,7454,470
13 巴西 23.828.6236.9247.1338.56069201,4292,5073,399
14 波蘭 58.2731532765447251,1071,616.42,4973,390
15 澳大利亞 379579817.3817.31,494.01,8771,8802,0052,5843,049
16 土耳其 20.620.164.6206.8333.4796.51,2741,7992,3122,959
17 Netherlands 1,0781,2241,5591,7472,225.02,2292,2372,3282,3912,693
18 日本 896.21,0401,3091,5281,880.02,0562,3042,5012,6142,661
19 羅馬尼亞 00.92.87.87.014.05918261,9052,599
20 愛爾蘭 338.9495.27468051,244.71,2601,4281,6141,7382,037
21 墨西哥 2.22.28485.085.04025219291,3481,992
22 希臘 473573.3757.6873.3989.71,1091,2081,626.51,7491,865
23 奧地利 606819964.5981.5994.99951,0111,0841,3781,684
24 比利時 95167.4194.3286.9383.65558861,0781,3751,651
25 挪威 270268325333.0428.0431434520.0703.0768
26 保加利亚 10143657120177375503.0684.0681
27 New Zealand 168.1168.2171321.8325.3497506622.8622.8623
28 Taiwan 13103.7187.7279.9358.2436519563.8563.8614
29 South Korea 22.5119.1176.3192.1278.0364.4379406.3482.6561
30 Egypt 145145230310390.0430550550.0550.0550
31 摩洛哥 53.96464125.2125.2253286291.0291.0494.8
32 芬蘭 828286110140.0147197197.0288.0448.0
33 Ukraine 68.877.385.689.090.09087.4151.1276.0371.0
34 Chile 22220.120.178170190.0190.0335.0
35 Hungary 3.517.560.965.0127.0201295329.4329.4329.4
36Croatia 6617.217.218.227.869.8131.0180.0302.0
37 Estonia 22.1333358.678.3142.3149184.0269.0280.0
38 Lithuania 7755.052.354.491154179.0225.0279.0
39 Czech Republic 16.529.556.5116150.0191215217.0260.0269.0
40 Argentina 25.626.827.829.829.829.854.0129.2233.2217.1
41 Thailand 193.0
42 Ethiopia 30.030.051.0171.0
43 Costa Rica 69.971747474.0123123148.2148.2148.2
44 Cyprus 00000082.0134.0147.0147.0
45 Nicaragua 000004040.063.0102.0141.6
46Puerto Rico 0125.0125.0
47 Pakistan 00006.06.06.06.0106.0106.0
48 Tunisia 2020202020.020.054.054.0104.0104.0
49 South Africa 16.5516.616.616.621.821.810.010.110.1102.0
50 Honduras 0.070.070.0102.0
51 Iran 2531.647.466.582.082100100.0100.0100.0
52 Latvia 26.722.926.926.926.928.531.031.068.068.0
53 Switzerland 8.711.611.611.613.817.642.045.550.060.0
54 Uruguay 0.150.20.20.620.520.530.540.552.059.3
55 Luxembourg 35.335.335.335.335.335.342.044.045.058.0
56 Mongolia 00002.42.41.31.31.350.9
57 Jamaica 20.720.720.720.720.729.729.747.747.747.7
58 New Caledonia 0.038.238.238.2
59 Dominican Republic 00.20.20.233.633.633.6
60 Philippines 25.225.225.225.225.233.03333.033.033.0
61 Vietnam 00001.38.830.531.031.031.0
62-63 Venezuela 0.030.030.0
62-63 Aruba 0.030.030.030.0
64 Guadeloupe 20.520.520.520.520.520.520.526.826.826.8
65 Cape Verde 2.782.82.82.82.82.825.538.324.025.5
66 Reunion Island 23.4
67 Colombia 19.519.519.519.519.520.020.019.519.519.5
68 Ecuador 0003.14.02.52.52.519.019.0
69 Russia 10.81415.516.516.516.515.415.416.816.8
70 Guyana 10.213.513.513.513.513.513.513.513.513.5
71 Curaçao 0.012.012.012.0
72 Cuba 0.450.50.52.17.27.211.711.711.711.7
73 Bonaire 0.010.810.810.8
74 Algeria 00.110.1
75 Fiji 0.010.010.010.0
76 Dominica 0.27.27.27.2
77 Israel 77.07.06.06.06.06.06.06.06.0
78 Faroe Islands 0.154.14.14.14.14.14.04.04.04.0
79-80 Slovakia 55556.06.06.03.03.03.0
79-80 Vanuatu 0.03.03.03.0
81-82 Nigeria 2.22.22.22.22.22.22.22.22.22.2
81-82 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.02.22.22.2
83-84 Kazakhstan 00.50.50.50.50.51.52.22.02.0
83-84 Azerbaijan 0.02.22.02.0
85 Belarus 1.11.11.11.11.11.91.93.51.91.9
86 Iceland 0.01.81.8
87 Antarctica 00.61.61.61.61.61.6
88 Jordan 1.451.51.51.51.51.51.51.51.51.5
89 Indonesia 00.80.81.01.21.41.41.41.41.4
90 Madagascar 1.21.21.21.2
91-92 Martinique 1.11.11.11.11.11.11.11.11.1
91-92 Mauritius 0.01.11.11.1
93 Falkland Islands 001.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0
Netherlands Antilles 0017.217.218.224.324.3
Armenia 0.02.6
世界47,69359,024.174,122.893,930.4120,902.9159,213.3196,630237,022282,482318,530

1991-2000 年風力發電裝機容量

風力發電裝機容量 (MW,年度總計):[48][49][50][51]

国家 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
 德國1121803356431,1301,5482,0802,8704,4456,113
 美國1,7091,6801,6351,6631,6121,5901,5921,9462,5002,554
 西班牙55060701402495126601,5222,235
 丹麥4134584875396378571,1161,3801,7482,300
 印度3939791855768169509681,0771,167
 義大利22[52]60100154282427
 荷蘭299325359410449
 英國270320331343406
 中國3879166190265265
 瑞典105117148195231
世界其他地区2342744897131,153
总计2,1702,5102,9903,4904,7806,0977,5928,71913,50017,300

1981-1990 年風力發電裝機容量

風力發電裝機容量 (MW,年度總計):[48][53]

国家 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
 美國18842546539451,2651,3331,2311,3321,484
 丹麥71220275082115197262343
 德國0000005152762
总计25902106001,0201,2701,4501,5801,7301,930
  • 資料來源不同,因此加總數據未必相符。

歷年風力發電

2001-2010 年風力發電

風力發電 (每年 TWh 總計):[54]

Nation 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
 美國6.73710.35411.18714.14417.81126.58934.45055.36373.88694.65
 德國9.93315.06317.91624.23425.86829.17537.72738.54536.7135.90
 西班牙6.4218.87511.47114.91520.11722.13226.19030.59335.941.5
 印度2.1292.5533.4114.2666.2738.25511.20613.0531720.6
 中國0.7120.8290.9871.2651.9273.6755.42512.42526.955.5
 英國0.9171.1931.2211.8382.7594.0145.0106.7428.849.70
 丹麥4.0914.6335.2836.2546.2835.8036.8146.5826.397.42
 義大利1.1201.3341.3851.7552.2272.8223.8324.6186.2008.0
 葡萄牙0.2430.3440.4710.7751.6842.7793.8355.4697.208.60
 法國0.1250.2560.3720.5660.9142.0733.8575.4057.509.20
 荷蘭0.7840.8991.2521.7741.9642.5963.2664.0474.3503.78
 澳大利亚0.2000.3460.6680.6700.8411.6272.4802.9383.6153.62
 加拿大0.3200.3880.7850.9061.3982.3752.8733.6284.35.50
 日本0.2390.3940.7911.2451.6662.1002.4932.7992.8023.60
 愛爾蘭0.3170.3690.4310.6221.0561.5411.8602.2902.8072.670
 奥地利0.1630.1930.3480.8781.2621.6641.9341.9131.871.92
 瑞典0.4580.5780.6450.8080.8890.9381.3591.8962.3613.30
 希臘0.7180.6180.9701.0651.2031.6141.7272.1302.4162.030
 新西蘭0.1300.1480.1410.3400.5830.5910.8831.0041.3981.55
 挪威0.0260.0710.2070.2390.4810.6050.8470.8670.9320.850
 波蘭0.0130.0580.1180.1350.1280.2430.4960.7951.0231.60
 土耳其0.0590.0460.0580.0550.0560.1210.3370.8051.42.80
 比利時0.0350.0540.0840.1350.2460.3480.4660.6050.9461.20
 巴西0.0330.0580.0580.0580.0880.2250.5310.5301.1802.07
 埃及0.2100.1940.3500.4970.5240.5850.7890.8801.11.20
 墨西哥0.0170.0200.0180.0190.0180.0560.2490.2560.5660.378
Rest of World10.65715.97619.06025.47327.3731.588
Total36.72350.55761.47680.59599.687126.547163.683211.812262.563327.850

1991-2000 年風力發電

風力發電 (每年 TWh 總計):[55]

Nation 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
 德國0.2040.2760.6401.3571.6261.9742.8824.3635.2528.884
 美國2.9512.8883.0063.4473.1643.2343.2883.0264.4885.593
 丹麥0.7030.8690.9821.0801.1181.1661.8372.6792.8784.029
 西班牙0.0140.0420.1090.1660.2570.3460.7051.2842.6074.491
 印度0.0370.0840.0900.1810.4710.8340.9391.0191.3741.600
 中國0.0090.0130.0210.0380.0610.0930.1960.3520.4690.584
 英國0.0100.0320.2070.3250.3710.4640.6340.8330.8080.900
 義大利0.0030.0020.0040.0070.0090.0310.1120.2190.3830.535
 法國0.0010.0010.0020.0050.0050.0070.0100.0190.0350.073
 葡萄牙0.0010.0040.0100.0160.0150.0200.0360.0850.1170.160
 荷蘭0.0680.1400.1690.2250.3010.4150.4510.6080.6130.788
 日本000.0010.0010.0010.0020.0010.0070.0360.104
 澳大利亚0000.0040.0070.0070.0070.0080.0260.055
 加拿大0.0020.0030.0300.0550.0560.0590.0590.0590.1560.251
 奥地利00000.0010.0050.0190.0430.0480.064
 愛爾蘭00.0050.0140.0180.0150.0130.0480.1610.1780.232
 希臘00.0080.0450.0350.0320.0360.0340.0670.1540.428
 瑞典0.0120.0290.0460.0680.0940.1370.1930.3010.3400.434
 新西蘭0000.0010.0010.0080.0130.0210.0370.114
 挪威00.0030.0030.0090.0100.0090.0100.0100.0240.029
 埃及000000000.0230.130
 比利時0.0080.0080.0080.0090.0090.0080.0080.0100.0120.015
 墨西哥0000.0040.0060.0050.0040.0100.0100.018
 土耳其0000000000.031
 波蘭0000000000.005
 巴西0000000000.001
Rest of World0.2050.2770.6451.3731.6462.0283.0064.5545.5149.363
Total4.0244.4065.3937.0637.6448.92111.60615.36320.32029.970

1983-1990 年風力發電

風力發電 (每年 TWh 總計):[56]

Nation 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
 德國----------0.0020.0020.003
 美國10.002670.006490.005760.004190.003540.000872.1122.789
 印度0000.0020.0030.0060.0060.030
 丹麥0.0240.0390.060.1360.1830.3020.4290.580
 英國000000.0010.0090.009
 葡萄牙0000000.0010.001
 荷蘭0000.0010.0020.0160.0230.048
 希臘00000.0010.00100.001
 瑞典0.0030.0050.0060.0060.0060.0050.0050.006
 比利時00000.0060.0080.0070.008
 西班牙00000000.013
 義大利00000000.002
 加拿大00000000.002
 中國00000000.002
Rest of World000.00100.0010.0030.0030.005
Total0.02970.05050.07280.1490.2060.3432.5953.496

參考文獻

  1. . Gwec.net. [2011-11-21]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-20).
  2. . Gwec.net. [2017-05-20]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-07).
  3. Rasmussen, Jesper Nørskov.
  4. (PDF). Report. World Wind Energy Association. February 2011 [30 April 2011]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011年9月4日).
  5. . eirgrid.com. [22 November 2010]. (原始内容存档于2011年8月25日).
  6. REN21. (PDF). 2011 [2017-05-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-09-05).
  7. http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/REN12-GSR2015_Onlinebook_low1.pdf 页面存档备份,存于 pg31
  8. (PDF). report. GWEC. 22 April 2016 [23 May 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-06-01).
  9. (PDF). report. GWEC. 10 February 2015 [2017-05-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-02-18).
  10. . [13 February 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-02-13).
  11. (PDF). Report. Global Wind Energy Council. February 2014 [13 February 2014]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-08-01).
  12. (PDF). Report. Global Wind Energy Council. February 2013 [14 February 2013]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-04-01).
  13. (PDF). Report. Global Wind Energy Council. February 2012 [7 February 2012]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012年6月11日).
  14. [tt_news=300&tx_ttnews[backPid]=97&cHash=f7a32def24 ]. Report. Global Wind Energy Council. September 2011 [20 November 2011]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-10).
  15. (PDF). Report. World Wind Energy Association. February 2011 [13 March 2011]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011年9月4日).
  16. (PDF). Report. World Winiation. February 2010 [13 March 2010]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019年1月7日).
  17. (PDF). Report. World Wind Energy Association. February 2009 [19 March 2009]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009年2月19日).
  18. (匈牙利文) 25 MW teljesítményű szélerőműparkot helyzetek üzembe Bőnyben 页面存档备份,存于, 10 January 2010
  19. (PDF). [2010-08-29]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-02-01).
  20. (PDF). [2011-03-28]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-02-08).
  21. (PDF) (新闻稿). [2010-08-29]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-02-15).
  22. . Iwea.com. [2011-05-14]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-24).
  23. . [2017-05-18]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
  24. . AWEA. American Wind Energy Association. [9 February 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-11).
  25. . Clean Energy Council Australia. [1 February 2012]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-18).
  26. . Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. [8 March 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014年11月12日).
  27. (PDF). Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. [8 March 2014]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04).
  28. (PDF). Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. [8 March 2014]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013年12月27日).
  29. . Alternate Energy Development Board, Pakistan. [3 April 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-01).
  30. . [2010-08-29]. (原始内容存档于2010-11-22).
  31. 2005 月电力概况 (Chinese)
  32. 2006 月电力概况 (Chinese)
  33. . Eia.doe.gov. [2010-08-29]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-07).
  34. . Tonto.eia.doe.gov. [2010-08-29].
  35. DECC.gov.uk 英國政府檔案館存檔,存档日期2009-12-12 Digest of United Kingdom energy statistics: 2009, Tables 5.1.2 (total electricity consumption) and 7.4 (installed capacity, electricity generated, capacity factor)
  36. . [2017-05-18]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-16).
  37. 深度分析产品 页面存档备份,存于 (Chinese)
  38. 全国电力建设与投资结构继续加快调整 页面存档备份,存于 (Chinese)
  39. 页面存档备份,存于(意大利文)
  40. . [2017-05-18]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03).
  41. . Tonto.eia.doe.gov. [2013-04-20]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-03).
  42. . Tonto.eia.doe.gov. [2013-12-02]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-03).
  43. . Xinhua, english.news.cn. [20 December 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-30).
  44. World Wind Energy Association 页面存档备份,存于 (also wwindea.org or WWEA). See the periodical "Wind Energy International" or WWEA press releases for additional data.
  45. . World Wind Energy Association.
  46. . World Wind Energy Association.
  47. . World Wind Energy Association.
  48. . Ucsusa.org. [2011-05-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-07).
  49. . [2017-05-18]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-11).
  50. . Earth-policy.org. [2011-05-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-16).
  51. (PDF). [2017-05-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-09-18).
  52. (PDF). [2011-05-14]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-07).
  53. . Earth-policy.org. [2012-06-07]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-16).
  54. . Tonto.eia.doe.gov. [2012-07-28]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24).
  55. . Tonto.eia.doe.gov. [2011-05-14].
  56. . Tonto.eia.doe.gov. [2012-06-07]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24).
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.